ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 



547 



it is likely that more extended investigations would cause the apparent 

 difference to disappear ; but it is also possible that in this region we may 

 tind the length of head to increase more rapidly than the bi'eadth of head. 

 Among the Eastern Indians, and in different parts of Europe, we find a 

 slight decrease of the cephalic index with increasing age, but in no 

 case does the difference exceed 1 per cent. "We find also that the heads 

 of women are somewhat shorter than those of men. The following tabu- 

 lation shows that among the northern tribes the same relations prevail, 

 but that among the Ntlakya'pamuQ the heads of adults appear much more 

 elongated than those of children. 



Average Cej)halic Index. 



It appears from this comparison that even if the greater brachy- 

 cephalism of the children on Eraser River should be the effect of a pecu- 

 liar law of growth, the general relations of the cephalic indices of adults 

 would remain unchanged, so that the preceding considerations remain 

 unaltered when the total series or the adults alone are considered. 



It is necessary to treat two groups of tribes a little more fully, namely, 

 the Bilqula and the Ntlakya'pamuQ. The tables show clearly that the 

 JBilqula are closely related to the Kwakiutl type, with which they have 

 the high face and nose in common. The differences between the divisions 

 of the Ntlakya'pamuQ have been discussed above. It remains to point out 

 the probable cause of these differences. It is evident that the lower divi- 

 sions, particularly those of Spuzzum and the Uta'mk't, are more alike to 

 the Harrison Lake type than the divisions farther up the river. It is 

 also evident that the NkamtcI'nEmuQ resemble the Shuswap more than 

 any other division of the Ntlakya'pamuQ. 



A detailed comparison is given on the following table, which also in- 

 cludes the Oregonian Tinneh. 



It will be seen that, on the whole, an approach between the forms of 

 Harrison Lake and that of the Shuswap is found. But the Ntlakyapa- 

 muQ'O'e occupy, in many respects, an exceptional position. Their heads 

 are narrow, their faces are lower and narrower than those of their neigh- 

 bours. They are narrower than those of any other Indians, with the ex- 

 ception of the Hoopa and Oregonian Tinneh, while the Shuswaps have a 

 face as broad as the average Indian face. These differences between the 

 absolute measurements of the face are also expressed in the indices. The 



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