ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 565 



not use nets for catching rabbits. Levi said that the Laq'uyi'p hunted in 

 this manner, but that the Ts'Ets'a'ut did not do so. They always hunt singly, 

 one man confining his operations to one valley at a time. They use canoes 

 to a slight extent only. The canoes were made of the bark of the yellow 

 cedar. Tliey were about three fathoms long. The bark is stripped all 

 around the tree. Then it is stretched, sewed in the proper shape, and the 

 seams and holes are calked with gum. They used sails which were made 

 of marmot skins. 



In winter they live to a great extent upon meat dried during the 

 summer months. The staple food is marmot meat, which is mixed with 

 marmot grease, boiled and preserved in marmot guts. 



The tribe consisted of two clans, the Eagle and the Wolf. Only 

 members of the Wolf clan survive. The native names of the clans are 

 lost, and they are called by their Nisk'a equivalents, Laqski'yek and 

 Laqkyebo'. The equivalent of the latter among the Sa'nak-oan are the 

 Tek'oede. The clans are exogamic. As members of one clan only survive, 

 all the married Ts'Ets'a'ut of this time have married members of foreign 

 tribes. Each clan has separate names. I obtained names of the Laqkyebo' 

 only. 



Men. Women, 



DrEntsBle'. AtlaSdze'. 



Qatlo'. Cgtlgwe'uk. 



Gwaya'. 

 Tslkyatsa'. 

 Tsatso'. 

 Can. 

 Nadze'. 



The institutions are maternal, succession being in the female line. 

 The child inherits from his mother's brother. We tind among the 

 Ts'Ets'a'ut also the institution of avoidance between mother-in-law and 

 son-in law (matuoHa') which is found among all the northern Tinneh 

 tribes. Levi explained that they were ashamed to talk to each other, and 

 even to see each other. The mother-in-law leaves the house before the 

 son-in-law enters, or, if such is impossible, she hides her face or turns the 

 other way while he is near her. Levi stated that the adult man must 

 also not look at his adult sister. This custom, he explained, is based on 

 a tradition according to which a man married his sister. Tljeir brothers 

 were ashamed, tied them together, and deserted them ; but the man broke 

 the ropes. They had a child, and eventually he killed a ram, a ewe, and 

 a kid of the mountain-goat, put on their skins, and they assumed the 

 shape of goats. He had acquired the power of killing everything by a 

 glance of his eyes. One day his tribe came up the river for the purpose 

 of hunting, and he killed them. Then he travelled all over the world, 

 leaving .signs of his presence everywhere, such as remarkable rocks. The 

 woman and her child went to the head waters of the JSTass River, where 

 they still continue to live on a lake. 



I also found the Tinneh custom according to which the parents of a child 

 change their names and adopt that of father or mother of so-and-so. In this 

 case at least the custom must be interpreted somewhat differently from 

 the way in which it is usually done. There are a limited number of 

 names only in the tribe, probably names belonging to the nobility. When 

 a child reaches a certain age, his father, uncle, motlier, or aunt may give 



