678 REPORT— 1895. 



zones: — 1, Sutton and Ramsli.lt ; 2, Broom Hill ; 3, Sudbourne ; 4, Tattingstona ; . 

 5, Sutton ; 6,Gedgrave ; at High House, Low Farm, and Ferry Barn; 7, Aid borough ; 

 8, Sudbourne, north-east of the church. 



The characters and thickness-es of the strata representing the several zones at 

 these places were carefully detailed, and their most characteristic Foraminifera 

 were enumerated and compared. V. The ' nodule-bed' at the base of the Crag, at 

 Foxhall, was alluded to in its place. VI. The Lenbam Beds of Kent were noticed 

 as being equivnlent to the Lower Crag and of Diestian age, aa stated by Prestwich 

 and confirmed by C. Reid. 



Some Foraminifera found by S. V. Wood in the Coralline Crag at Sutton and 

 elsewhere were derived from nuieh older Tertiary beds, namely, Orbitolit.es, 

 Orbiculina, Alveolina, Peiieroplis, Amphistegina, Nummulites, and Orbitoides. 



Tbemost characteristic Foraminiferiu the Coralline Crag is Pulymor pinna frondi- 

 formu, and it seems to be limited to England. The conclusions arrived at point 

 to the constancy and determinability of the zones established by Prestwich. In 

 the author's opinion the Mollusca also confirm the same zonal arrangement. Some 

 remarks on the zonal and local distribution of several genera and species of Mollusca 

 concluded this paper. 



4. Note on a section at the North Cliff, Southwold. By Horace B, 

 Woodward, F.G.S., of the Geological Survey of England and Wales. 



The recent damage done to the cliff at the north end of Southwold by the 

 ' moderate gale ' of last May is described below by Mr. J. Spiller. One result of 

 the storm was the exposure of an interesting section along the lower portion of the 

 cliflf. The strata now seen comprise pebbly sands and shingle with a shell-bed, 

 grouped by the author with the Norwich Crag; several masses of Chalky Boulder 

 Clay, which formerly extended in one mass along the face of the cliff; a 

 Freshwater Bed, consisting of gi'eenish grey loam with freshwater shells and lawyers 

 of gravel cemented into ' iron-pan,' overlaid by laminated peaty earth (age at 

 present uncertain) ; and a liecent beach-deposit in which a human skeleton was 

 found this 3'ear. This beach-deposit, which now forms part of the low clifl', con- 

 sists of reassorted Boulder Clay, together with sand and shingle. The Fresliwater 

 Bed presents a synclinal structure, supported on either side b}' Boulder Clay. 



5. On Recent Coast Erosion at Southwohl and Covehithe. 

 By John Spiller, F.C.S. 



Owing to the prevalence of northerly winds, culminating in a moderate gale on 

 May 16 last, th^ tide rose to an unusual height all along the east coast, and attacked 

 the soft sandy cliff's between hunwich and Covebithe, creating a new cove at the 

 northern extremity of Southwold and sweeping away the roadway at the back of 

 the beach to the extent of half an acre at this particular spot. The cliffs at Easton 

 Bavent.i and Covehithe likewise suffered considerably, and this loss being reported 

 to Mr. W. "NVhitaker induced that gentleman to lend his maps with certain 

 measurements noted thereon for the purpose of exact comparison. Thus provided 

 the author walked over the ground and took fresh measurements at the several 

 points along the route, which resulted in the determination of the amount of clitl- 

 waste since 1882 and 188U, and this stated briefly was as follows : — 



Feet 

 Easton Bavents, loss in six years ...... 20 



Easton High Cliff, loss in thirteen years 22 



Covehithe Cliff, loss in six _years ...... 84 



The accuracy of these observations was cheeked by Mr. Horace B. Woodward, 

 and other indications observed conjointly proved that the general loss at Covehithe 

 amounted to about 60 yards since the present Ordnance map was constructed. 

 Ilie lines of hi.o-h and low water niarlc bad manifestly altered, so that a fresh 



