TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 679 



survey was necessary. Further details were given as to the nature of the rock 

 sections laid bare and the transportation of the shingle ; and the main facts were 

 illustrated by photographs and a water-colour sketch of the new inlet formed at 

 Southwold. 



[The author's communication was printed in full in the Supplement to the 

 ' East Anglian Daily Times ' of September 1 3, 1895.] 



6. Observations on East Anglian Boulder Clay. 

 By Rev. E. Hill, M.A., F.G.S. 



Some personal observations are described, and inferences from them suggested. 



The present effect of frost on clay shows that the grinding- actions of laud-ice 

 need not be invoked. 



The comparative distributions of Kimmeridge clay and chalk, and also the 

 intimate mixture of chalk-fragments with clay-matrix, are opposed to laud-ice 

 theories. 



A partially scratched fragment from the heart of the clay suggests flotation. 



The contour line of 300 feet includes little Chalk but much lioulder Clay, which 

 is said to reach altitudes in the Midlands higher than any Cbalk. This points to 

 alteration in relative as well as absolute levels. 



A resemblance to some artificial clays suggests that the Boulder Clay may have 

 been deposited rather rapidly. If so, the absence of life is no difhculty ; neither is 

 the alleged absence of stratification. 



These inferences would all agree with deposition in water, and with a tilt of 

 the earth-surface. 



7. Indications of Ice-raft Action through Glacial Times. 

 By Rev. E. Hill, M.A., F.G.S. 



Over post-Glacial gravels lie sheets of Boulder Clay. In the Boulder Clay 

 scratched stones, contorted sands at Sudburv, gravel and chalk at Claydon, the 

 Roslyn Hill chalk at Ely, are best explained by transportation and dropping. In 

 mid-Glacial sands, between Gorleston and Lowestoft, portions of Boulder Clay 

 occur in the midst of the sands, as if dropped by ice-rafts. A majority of writers 

 on the Cromer cliffs attribute the chalk masses in the Contorted Drift to ice- 

 rafts. 



Thus through Glacial times are indications of ice-raft action. 



8. On Traces of an Ancient Watercom-se. 

 By Rev. E. Hill, M.A., F.G.S. 



A peculiar gravel occurring along a line of seven miles indicates an ancient 

 brook. Though its hollow is in Boulder Clay, yet patches of like clay overlie the 

 gravel, and probably have been carried down on to it in a frozen state. The 

 nature of the gravel agrees with its having been formed on land little elevated. 



9. Further Notes on the Arctic and Pala'olithic Deposits at Iloxne. 

 By Clement Reid, F.L.S., F.G.S., and H. N. Ridley, JLA., F.L.S. 



The exact relations of the deposit with Arctic plants discovered in 1888 (see 

 British Association Report, p. G74) to the Palreolithic deposits and to the Boulder 

 Clay in the same pit being still uncertain, the authors returned last spring, intending 

 to pump out the water and examine the beds in place. This they were unable to 

 do owing to the water being required for the brickyard ; but by means of borings 



