TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 685 



3. The Phenomena known to Ainen'can Glacialists as ' Semilunar Markings,^ 

 ' Pluck-marks,'' and " Chattered Strice.' — The authors found many examples of these 

 features of glacial abrasion upon roches moutonnees. The ' pluck-uiarks ' were 

 found to be shallowest at their ' downstream ' ends. ' Chattered strire,' i.e., ragged 

 strife presenting somewhat the appearance of a succession of bruises, were very 

 common. They were probablj' produced by boulders that were onlj' partially 

 embedded in the ice, and were thus dragged along with a jerking motion. 



It is satisfactory that these minor details of the glacial phenomena of the United 

 States can be paralltled in the Alps. 



4. The Occurre7ice of 'Screwed' or Curved Stride. — Authors have ascribed the 

 formation of sharply curved or screwed striae to the swinging of floating ice when 

 partly aground. The present writers have observed and recorded by heel-ball 

 ' rubbings' and by photography many e.\amples occurring on the i-oches moutonnees 

 of the Gorner Glacier. 



13. Notes on the Ancient Physiography of South Essex. 

 By T. V. Holmes. 



The author refers to bis paper, read before the Geological Society last year, en- 

 titled, ' Further Notes on some Section'^ on the Ne.ic Railway from Romford to Up- 

 minster, and on the Relations of the Thames Valley Bedsto the Boulder Clay.' In 

 that paper he mentioned the discovery, in a railway cutting at Romford, of part of 

 an ancient silted- up stream course of considerable size, covered by gravel belonging 

 to the highest, and presumably oldest, terrace of the Thames Valley system. In 

 this communication he considers more fully the evidence bearing upon his view 

 that the course taken by this ancient stream was between the high ground of 

 Warley, Billericay, and Maldon, and that of Laindon, Rayleigh, and Althorne 

 into tlie Blackwater, the basins of the Mardyke and Crouch having originated at a 

 much later period. He also notes evidence tending to confirm Mr. Whitaker's view 

 that the gravel and loam at and near Canewdon, Southminster, and Brad well were 

 deposited on the western flank of the old Thames Valley when there was a con- 

 siderable breadth of land east of those places, which has been since removed by 

 marine denudation. 



SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 14. 

 The following Papers and Report were read : — 



1. Restorations of some European Dinosaurs, icith Suggestions as to their 

 Place among the Reptilia. By Professor O. C. Marsh. 



For several years I have been engaged in investigating the Dinosaurs of North 

 America, where these extinct reptiles were very abundant during the whole of 

 Mesozoic time. The results of my study have been published from time to time, 

 and 1 have already had the honour of presenting some of these to the British 

 As«ociation. In carrying out this investigation so as to include the whole group 

 of Dinosaurs, wherever found, and bringing all under one system of classification, 

 it ha? been necessary for me to study the remains di-'covered in Europe, and I 

 have made several visits to this country for that purpose. 



In comparing the forms known from the two continents, certain important 

 differences as well as some marked resemblances between the two have been 

 observed and placed on record. In concluding my investigations of the North 



