686 REPORT— 1895. 



American forms, I have fortunately been able to make restorations of the skeletons 

 of quite a number of very complete type specimens, and ibis has proved a most 

 instructive means of comparinfr those from dili'erent horizons, and of diiferent 

 groups, among the known Dinosauria of A merica. 



The success of this plan rendered it ver}' desirable to extend it, if possible, to 

 the best-known forms of European Dinosaurs. This I have been enabled to do in 

 a few instances, and the main object of the present paper is to lay these latest 

 results before you. 



Eestoeations of Etjeopean Dinosaurs. 



The restorations of Dinosaurs which I have to present are four in number, 

 and represent some of the best-known European forms, types of the genera 

 Compsognathus, Scelidosaurus, Hypsilnphodon, and lyiumodon. These outline 

 restorations have been prepared by me maiuh' for comparison with the correspond- 

 inof American forms, but in part to insure, so far as the present opportunity will 

 allow, a more comprehensive review of the whole group. The specimens restored 

 are all of great interest in ihemselves, and of special importance when compared 

 with their nearest American allies. 



Compsognathus. 



The first restoration, that of Compsognathus longipes, Wagner, 1861, shown 

 natural size in the diagram, is believed to represent fairly well the general form 

 and natural position, when alive, of this diminutive carnivorous Dinosaur, that 

 lived during the .Jurassic period. The basis for this restoration is (1) a careful 

 study of the type specimen itself, made by me in Munich in 1881 ; (2) an accurate 

 cast of this specimen, sent to me by Prof, von Zittel ; and (.3) a careful drawing of 

 the original made by Krapf in 1887. The original description and figure of 

 Wagner (Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 1861) and those of later authors have 

 also been used for some of the details. No restoration of the skeleton of this 

 unique Dinosaur has hitherto been attempted.' 



Compsognathus has been studied by so many anatomists of repute since its 

 discovery that any attempt to restore the skeleton to a natural position will be 

 scrutinised from various points of view. My interest in this unique specimen led 

 me long ago to examine it with care, and I have since made a minute study of it, 

 as related elsewhere, not merely to ascertain all I could about its anatomy, but 

 also to learn, if possible, what its relations were to another diminutive form, 

 Hallopus, from a lower horizon in America, which has been asserted to be a near 

 ally. Both are carnivorous Dinosaurs, probably, but certainly on quite different 

 lines of descent. 



The only previous attempt to restore this remarkable Dinosaur was by Huxley, 

 when in America in 1876. He made a rapid sketch from the Wagner figure, and 

 I had this enlarged for his New York lecture. This sketch, reproduced on the 

 diagram exhibited, represents the animal sitting down, a position which such 

 Dinosaurs occasionally assumed, as shown by the footprints in the Connecticut 

 Valley, which Huxley examined in place at several localities with great interest. 



The great majority of Dinosaurian footprints preserved were evidently made 

 during ordinary locomotion, although some series show evidence of more rapid 

 movement. All those referred to carnivorous Dinosaurs are bipedal, and this is 

 true of the footprints of many herbivorous forms. 



In the present restoration of Compsognathus, I have tried to represent the 

 animal as walking, in a characteristic lifelike position. 



' The remains of the embryo within the skeleton of Compsognathxos, first detected 

 bv me in 1881, while examining the type specimen, are not represented in the pre.sent 

 restoration. This unique fossil affords the only known evidence that Dinosaurs were 

 viviparous. 



