A406 . REPORT—1896. 
living within a few miles of Hoxne. The mammals are widely migrating 
species. 
c The borings show that the fossiliferous Paleolithic brickearth when 
traced westward overlaps the other fluviatile deposits, to rest at last imme- 
diately on Boulder Clay. They indicate also that the laminated brick- 
earth entirely disappears about the middle of Oakley Park, where it 
abuts against a slight ridge of Boulder Clay (close to BH 15). West 
of that point Bed A is represented by a sheet of gravelly sand, perhaps 
more suggestive of eolian than of fluviatile action (see Plate). 
Bed B. 
There is commonly to be found at the base of the Paleolithic brick- 
earth a seam of fine gravel mixed with vegetable matter. This gravel 
was 2 or 3 feet thick in our trial pit, but it contained neither imple- 
ments nor fossils. As, however, it yielded a small worked flake in one of 
our trial borings (BH 1 of 1895), it deserves separate notice, especially 
as Frere appears to have obtained his implements from this gravel, and not 
from the brickearth above. A good implement found in 1877 by Messrs. 
‘H. B. Woodward and Clement Reid, at the east side of the brickyard, 
seemed also to have come from this horizon. 
Bed C. 
Immediately beneath the Paleolithic deposits is found the ‘black 
earth’ of the brickmakers, though the term is also sometimes applied to 
carbonaceous parts of the upper deposit. This black earth has only been 
partly dug over the area already worked for Bed A. It is used for white 
bricks, which are less in demand than the red ones, and as the pits 
become flooded when digging ceases sections are seldom visible. 
In the trial-pit this black earth was found to be 13 feet in thickness. 
It consists of alternating thin layers of carbonaceous loam, sand, and 
vegetable matter, sand and small clay-pebbles becoming very abundant in 
the lower part. Vegetable remains, such as decayed leaves, twigs, and 
seams of moss, are so abundant as to render the loam fissile throughout. 
Seattered freshwater shells occur, though not in great numbers or in much 
variety. Fish bones also occur ; but no trace of large mammalia was 
found, and the workmen state that they have never come across any 
bones below Bed A. The distal end of a small indeterminable mammalian 
femur was obtained on washing some of the material. 
The leaves so abundant in Bed C always belong to three species of 
dwarf Arctic willow, or, more rarely, to the dwarf Arctic birch. The 
twigs and stems retaining their bark also belong evidently to the same 
species. Though fragments of larger wood occur, these are always worn, 
without bark, and have probably been derived from the destruction of 
Beds D and E. A single waterworn nut of the hornbeam and one or . 
two broken seeds of yew must be placed in the same category, and several 
other plants, only represented by woody seeds confined to the gravelly 
lower part of the deposit, are also in all probability only present as deri- 
vatives from the breaking up of the older deposits. An attempt has been 
made in the following list to distinguish between the derived and the con- 
temporaneous floras ; but it should be understood that this separation is 
only made on the strength of the state of preservation of the specimens 
and their occurrence or non-occurrence in other beds than the seams of 
