ALO _ REPORT—1896. 
and tough, so that it breaks under the spade instead of cutting ; below it 
becomes rather softer and more carbonaceous ; at its base it contains an 
admixture of sand derived from the Glacial or Crag beds beneath. This clay 
is a most unmanageable deposit from which to obtain fossils. It does not 
show any tendency to go to pieces in water, even after thorough drying ; 
and long-continued boiling with soda does not help to disintegrate it. It 
seems to contain an admixture of animal matter, for in the flame it gives 
off smoke and smells strongly. The intractable nature of the matrix 
made it only possible to obtain the fossils by breaking the clay, and thus 
many of the seeds were destroyed or rendered indeterminable. The fossils 
obtained from this clay were :— 
Fish. Plants. 
Perea fluviatilis, Z. Ranunculus Lingua, L. 
Leuciscus rutilus, Z. %s repens, Z. 
Rubus Ideeus, Z. 
Mollusca. Hippuris vulgaris, Z. 
: 4 Mill. Rumex maritimus, Z. 
ee Pion poe Alnus glutinosa, Z. 
Planotbis albus, Ai... Ceratophyllum demersum, Z. 
Nantilens. 2 : Sparganium ramosum, Curtis. 
3 s, L. ae ar 
Valvata piscinalis, Mii. Potamogeton trichoides, Cham. 
Bythinia tentaculata, Miit/. Zensho ia eau Suni y st 
Dingo oe Aviodon pee lacustris, Z. 
arex. 
Spheerium corneum, Z. 
Boulder Clay. 
The Boulder Clay at Hoxne calls for no special remark. It is a tough 
mass principally composed of Jurassic clay and fragments of Chalk, with 
scattered flints, septaria, and, more rarely, older rocks. Nearly all the 
stones are striated. This clay is in fact part of the extensive sheet of 
Chalky Boulder Clay which covers so large a part of our eastern counties. 
It can be well seen in the Clay-pit on the east side of Gold Brook, near 
the Brickyard (see Map, fig. 2). 
Glacial Sand. 
The sand beneath the Boulder Clay was reached at a depth of 24 feet 
in a boring (BH 9) put down in the Clay-pit just mentioned as occurring 
east of the Brickyard. Sand, apparently of the same age, was again met 
with in (BH 11) and in the boring (BH 8) made at the bottom of our 
trial-pit, where the Boulder Clay seems entirely to have been cut through 
before the lacustrine deposits were laid down. In this latter case, however, . 
it is possible that Crag may have been reached, for the sandy base of Bed 
E was full of small derivative valves of Balanws such as are so abundant 
in the Norwich Crag. 
Conclusions. 
The facts gathered in the course of this inquiry enable us partly to 
trace the history of this old buried river-channel. It seems never to have 
been a channel of much importance, but nore probably the valley of a 
small tributary stream than that ofa river. Its history seems to have been 
as follows :—After the disappearance of the ice which deposited the Chalky 
Boulder Clay—how long after we do not know—the land stood somewhat 
