4.64 REPORT—1896. 
Chaffinches, Starlings, Rooks, * Skylarks, Short-eared Owls, Herons, Grey- 
lag Geese, Land Rails, and Richardson’s Skuas.! 
It is well, however, to bear in mind, in connection with such July 
movements, that during this month there is a vast increase in our 
feathered population in the shape of birds but a few weeks old. These 
youngsters are many of them outcasts whose parents are engaged with 
second families, and many of them may, in their wanderings, finally reach 
the coast, where their appearance is duly chronicled by the observers. 
Another class of migratory birds, namely, certain Plovers and Sand- 
pipers which spend the summer inland and the autumn and winter on the 
shore, also appear on the coast in small numbers accompanied by their young. 
The young of several species of sea-fowl —Razorbill, Guillemot, and Puffin— 
are mentioned as leaving their rocky nurseries during the month. Lastly, 
it is certain that some of the movements recorded for this month are due 
to spells of ungenial weather. This aspect of July emigration, however, 
belongs to, and will be treated of under, the Meteorological Section of this 
Digest. 
During AvGust much emigration among our summer visitors is 
witnessed, and thirty-three species are recorded as departing. Of the 
birds which are partially migratory, no fewer than thirty-four species are 
noticed as emigratory during August, though, perhaps, all are not neces- 
sarily passing beyond the British area. 
Both these groups of emigrants are in all probability swelled during 
this and other months by birds of the same species, which pass the sum- 
mer in countries north of the British Isles, and which, having reached 
our shores as immigrants, are also moving southwards along our coast- 
tines. 
SEPTEMBER witnesses the height and close of the emigration of the 
bulk of the smaller British summer visitors, most of which are absent 
from the chronicles for October. The movements of forty-two of these 
emigrants appear in the records for the month ; while those of the partial 
migrants are also considerable, over forty species being recorded. There 
are often during this month considerable emigratory ‘rushes’ on the part 
of both these groups of migratory birds, due to outbursts of ungenial 
weather in our Islands. 
The OcToBer emigrants among the summer birds are not numerous, 
and consist of laggard representatives of their kinds. Only twenty-two 
species are recorded in the chronicles for the month, and some of these 
are only observed occasionally. The partial migrants, on the other hand, 
are much on the move, and are numerous both as regards individuals and 
species, their ranks, no doubt, being considerably recruited by numbers 
of the same species from the north, which sooner or later emigrate in 
their company. These movements are often pronounced, and ‘rushes’ 
are recorded ; but they cease by or during the first half of NovemBeEr. 
It is during the great autumn emigrations that the birds are observed 
on all our shores simultaneously. 
Emigratory birds are observed passing southwards, and feeding as 
they go during the daytime ; but their flight to lands beyond our shores 
is usually undertaken during the nighttime. 
Under certain peculiar weather conditions, which will be fully ex- 
1 Those species marked * are recorded as being occasionally killed against the 
lanterns, 
