520 REPORT—1896. 
of the tides are below those given, an average of 1:04 foot, and only 
22 per cent. below, an average of 0°46 foot. This to some extent affects 
the results given. 
Of about 2,800 tides recorded in the two years, 393, or 192 in a year, 
or about 14 per cent., can be traced as being affected by the wind. Of 
these 192 tides, 140, or about 73 per cent., were increased by south- 
easterly and south- -westerly winds blowing more or less in the same 
direction as the flood tide, and only two depressed by northerly winds, 
leaving 50 tides, or about 26 per cent., as affected by wind blowing in an 
opposite direction to that which might ‘have been expected. 
Summary. 
Taking the mean result of the five ports, the following results are 
obtained :— 
180 tides are affected by the wind in a year, or about 26 per cent. of 
the whole. 
123 are either increased by winds blowing with the tide or hapretees 
by winds against the tide. 
67 are influenced in an opposite way. 
The mean force of the wind affecting these tides is 4:02 (Beaufort 
scale). 
With the mean rise of the tide above low water of spring tides 
18-14 feet, the mean variation in the height of the tides is 13-89 inches. 
The mean variation per foot rise of tide due to wind is for force of 
Bice Pre : ; : : 5 - . 0°76 per foot rise of tide 
4and5 . ‘ ° 3 : : - 0°80 s Ae 
Gua iis in eee nee, mate to ee Se ogy Ge: 3 
fT tonlOe =. : : : f ; eel OG ‘5 
As showing the extent to which tides may be affected by wind during 
gales, the following variations from the expected or natural height are 
taken from the observations contained i in the preceding tables :— 
Rise of Spring Variations in Difference between | 
P.rt Tides above Low | Height of Tide two succeeding 
Water due to Gale Tides 
ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. 
Hull . : - ? ‘ ZO 6 4 5) 0 
Boston : : 22 0 5 1 TS 
Yarmouth . : 5 0 | 4 9 6 2 
Sheerness . - ; : 16 0 | 4 7 210 
Flushing . ‘ : ; ita 10) | yal 2 8 
Ymuiden : ; Sy 8 bi ee ee 
Schokland (Zuy der Zee) . 0 9 (ie if) 
Liverpooi . . : 27 6 6 8 Ceo 
Giasson Dock . ; : 20 0 es) 30 
Glasgow . - - : 11 3 6 2 3 11 
Portsmouth ; : , 13 6 3 8 Bie ib 
Q 
> 
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WIND AND TipES.—EFFECT OF 
Gale of November 1893. 
In November 1893, on the 16th and 17th, the general direction of 
the wind was from the south-east to south-west, blowing with a force 
from 4 to 6. In the North Sea the gradient between Yarmouth and 
