Se 
ee 
ee 
= 
ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 591 
Here belong also the reduplicated plurals :— 
gyamkys plural lemla'mkys, to warm one’s self. 
gya'mgyitl ,, lzmla'mgyitl, to warm something. 
d. Irregular but related to this class are 
yae plural 7'léa, to hide. 
yeqya'h » lésli'sk’, to hang (v. n.). 
adak* 3 lidue, to shoot. 
gyené'th® ,, lenédemk‘st, to arise. 
7. Irregular plurals. 
a. Singular and plural are derived from different stems. 
qyaigk' plural hd'ut, to escape. da@utl plural sa'hysk‘, to go away. 
Bye »  tlé, to walk. malk‘ »  tga'ldxt, to put into fire. 
ao’ ogh* »  tgé'ogk*, to eat. magkt »  centh', to go aboard. 
toh’ e'n »  tgak’x'n, to feed. baq » gl, to run. 
Va » wan, to sit. ma'gat ,, atl, to put. 
leksda! »  lekswa'n, island. gyetl »  l@tl, to lie down. 
dzahk‘ »  yéts,to kill (pl.=to chop). ts’@n »  la'mdziq, to enter. 
heth* »  mak:sk‘, to stand. NOE » dag, to die. 
dephé'th ., dxpma' ksh‘, short. 
with‘ » bak‘, form. qau »  tltlé'ngytt, male slave. 
go »  dok-, to take. wat ak‘ »  tltlé'ngytt, female slave. 
dé' gh 
(qtina) »  (qtina) sgyi'th‘, to kneel. t1go » ober, small. 
kyjoie ~~~", ksitlo' (ksi—, out. t16, to tlgdwi'iky- ,, RB openilhycttlh‘, 
walk), to go out. cit tks nobleman. 
makt »  nilkt, to carry. gyat » . @'wet, man. 
shatsa'a  ,, alisgyt'da, ugly. me » wud a'g, large. 
ts’dsky »,  s888'0's, small. 
b. Singular and plural are formed from the same or related stems. 
muyeth' plural _ si'ya'th‘, to cry, to weep. 
aiana' th ie alaywva' de, to shout. 
N7EMEC' E “s nudag alemé'd’z, to shout. 
loma' kysa fe lole'dikysa, to wash clothing. 
ninak' Ar nné'nek*‘, long. 
nid’d'e es d@’EQd’d'a, stout. 
k‘stak-s . lukstsa'dek:s, to leave. 
gaéema's 5 gaema'k'st, young. 
amama's ~ anvama'k:st, pretty. 
COMPOSITION. 
_ The composition of words in Tsimshian and Nisk:a is remarkably loose. Although 
there are a great number of formative elements which have no independent existence 
they do not combine very intimately with the words to which they are prefixed. I 
pointed out before that the reduplicated syllable remains separated from the stem 
by a hiatusorpause. The same is true of all compositions, as the following examples 
- will show :— 
hagun’ié'r, to walk towards. 
ts’'em’a' kys, in water. 
leg'em’oH, to throw into (from top). 
This loose connection is also shown by the fact that in compounds the plural is 
formed from the stem alone. 
Iealts'a'p plural kalts’rts'a'p, town. —_nsi'bensk* plural nsepsé'b’ensk‘, friend. 
kealhnilp ,, k-alhuwvia'lp, house 
daqgya't “6 daqgyigya't, strong. 
There are very few cases of contractions. 
Siyidemna'k-, chieftainess; plural, styidzmhd'nak. The end of this word was 
undoubtedly originally danak, woman. 
