TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 7 
shore at Strandhall, and then runs across the peninsula of Scarlet, appearing again 
on the foreshore at Knock-Rushen. It is probably continued through the Bay of 
Castletown, and is represented by the network of dykes on the foreshore close to 
the Langness copper-mine, and crossing the peninsula of Langness. 
The Carboniferous Limestone is highly faulted and folded, has a westerly dip, 
and has been faulted down into the Ordovician strata by the Port St. Mary fault, 
extending from the sea near that place, across Bay ny Carrickey to Ballashimmin, 
the throw being to the east. In consequence of this the upper strata of the Car- 
boniferous Limestone are unrepresented in the south of the island. 
The Permian Strata of the North of the Island, 
The series of Red Sandstones and Conglomerates, to the east of Peel, con- 
sidered by some geologists to belong to the Old Red Sandstone, and by others to 
the basement beds of the Carboniferous, are of Permian age. They extend 
along the shore-line from the Cregmalin to Willstrand, being faulted at both these 
points against the Ordovician slates. Inland their boundary is concealed by the 
thick covering of drift. It probably does not extend further than about one hun- 
dred yards to the south of the main road from Peel to Kirk Michael, a boring at 
Ballagar having proved the slate. It consists of, A, the Peel Sandstones, and 
irregular conglomerates, red, and reddish-grey and buff, 913 feet in thickness, 
plunging seawards at an angle from 4U°.to 45°; and, B, the Stack conglomerates 
and breccias, mare or less calcareous, red, sandy, and grey, 455 feet thick.! The 
true base of these strata is concealed by the glacial drift, unless it be represented by 
the Red Conglomerates of the small and obscure patches faulted into the shales near 
Glenfaba. ‘The Peel Sandstones are the equivalent of the Rot-todt-liegende of the 
fae and the Lower Permian Sandstones of St. Bees Head and the Vale of 
iden. 
The Stack conglomerates and breccias represent the base of the Magnesian 
Limestone of the Upper Permian, of the North of England, described so well by 
Sedgwick and Binney. They are identical in physical characters with ‘the brock- 
ram’ of the Cumbrian area, and are proved to be post-Carboniferous by the pre- 
sence of pebbles of Carboniferous Limestone. 
The Strata underneath Drift-covered Northern Plain, 
The glacial drift occupies by far the greater portion of the island, and forms 
a thick mantle over the plain, extending from the abrupt Ordovician escarpment, 
sweeping westwards from Ramsey towards Kirk Michael. The contrast between 
this plain and the hilly region to its south rendered it probable that the strata 
underneath the drift are not Ordovician; and the nigh northern dip of all the 
rocks, Ordovician and Permian, rendered it probable that Carboniferous Rocks, 
and possibly Coal Measures, occurred below. Under these circumstances four 
borings were put down in 1891-96 by Messrs. Craine, Mr. Todd being the engineer 
in charge, with the following results. 
The boring at Lhen Moar? proved the existence of the Carboniferous Lime- 
stone underneath the sands, clays, and gravels of the Drift at a depth of 167 
feet 6 inches from the surface. The limestone dips at an angle of 40°, and is 
massive. It was penetrated to a depth of 66 feet. 
The next borehole at Ballawhane, near Blue Point, about 4,050 feet to the 
north-east of that at Lhen Moar, gave a most interesting section. 
Feet Inches 
Boulder Drift sands, gravels, and clays : : : cee LT 0 
Triassic Sandstone, red and grey . : : : 373 2 
Permian Marls and Sandstones of the Stack series. . 136 2 
Carboniferous Limestone, grey and red, with crinoids He 3aT 10 
! For details see Manchester Geol. Soc., 1894, vol. xxii.; Dawkins, on the Geology 
_of the Isle of Man, Part I. 
. # For details see Dawkins, Trans. Manchester Geol. Soc., vols, xxii. and xxiii. ; 
Oo eaG of the Isle of Man, Parts I. and II. 3 
. E 
