932 REPORT—1896. 
wall, In the modern village of Conmeenoole, at the western end of the settle- 
ment, the ancient style of building is perpetuated in some of the cow-houses. 
The most remarkable building is Dunbeg Fort, a great wall 22 feet thick, cutting 
off a tongue of land which projects into the sea, and on which is built one of the 
finest of the domestic buildings. The whole settlement has suffered by recent 
restorations. 
Though the settlement is not unlike the monastic remains of the west of Ireland 
in some respects, it is in others widely different from them, especially in size, in 
the absence of any distinctly ecclesiastical building contemporary with the rest, 
and in the prevalence of multiple clochans or houses. The fact that a stone was 
found in Caher Glengaun, used as building material, which bears Christian 
symbols, proves nothing but that this particular building probably dates from the 
Pagan-Christian overlap. On the other hand, an Ogham inscription on Dunmore 
Head, which is entirely destitute of any trace of Christian influence, and which 
probably commemorates some notable resident in the settlement, seems to put the 
latter back to Pagan times. The person commemorated was a descendant of 
Duibne, the ancestress of the clan from whom the Barony of Corkaguiney is 
named, 
The people were agricultural, and open to the attacks of enemies, especially 
from Ventry ; this is evident from an examination of the remains. A great battle 
was at some time fought at Ventry; the historical facts are obscured by fictitious 
accretions, but the site is still in existence, showing some remarkable earthworks. 
The conclusion to be drawn from these remains is, that Ptolemy and other 
ancient geographers were right in asserting the existence of towns, z.e. centres of 
a concentrated population, in ancient Ireland, and that archeologists have been 
wrong in denying their existence. Other places might be mentioned where the 
magnitude of the remains proves the former existence of such centres, but their 
habitations in these places not being of stone, have all perished. 
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER, 29. 
The three following Papers were read as contributions to a discussion on the 
‘Karly Civilisation of the Mediterranean. 
1. ‘ Who Produced the Objects called Mykenean?’! By Prof. W. RipGEeway. 
The discovery of Mylkenzean remains in various parts of the Greek world out- 
side of Peloponnese, such as Attica, Thessaly, Crete, Cyprus, Rhodes, Egypt, Asia 
Minor, Italy and Sicily, makes it desirable to re-examine the question of the origin 
of these remains. In Peloponnese and Crete we are fairly limited to the same 
possibilities of race. For in Peloponnesos either the Greeks of classical times, or 
the Achzans of the Homeric Age, or the older race, who preceded the Achzans, 
and who, according to the consensus of Greek history, continued to occupy Arcadia 
in historical times, must be the producers of the objects termed Mykenzan. 
Homer enumerates” the races which occupied Crete—viz., Eteocretes, Kydonians, 
Achveans, Dorians, and Pelasgians. As there is no evidence that the first two ever 
played any important part in Peloponnese, they may be jetisoned, and the claim for 
precedency must be fought out by the same three as in Peloponnese. 
1. Busolt and others put forth a claim for the Dorians as the builders of My- 
ken and Tiryns, but as this not only gives the lie direct to all Greek history, but 
also makes the Dorians build the walls of Tiryns, and create beautiful works of 
art—though in historical times they were notoriously incapable in building and 
’ Printed in full in Journal of Hellenic Studies, xvi. (1896), pp. 77 ff. 
2 Od. xix. 175. 
