ON SEISMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIOX. 199 



On the second and last of the above dates the two cables connecting 

 Aden with India were simultaneously broken, and the traffic between 

 India, Australia, and the East had to pass over the land lines of Russia, 

 Persia, and Turkey. The fractures took place on an even bottom a few 

 hundreds of miles from Aden. At the time of the 1885 interruption, a 

 fearful cyclone was raging at Aden, and it is therefore possible that the 

 ruptures may be attributed to causes similar to those which seem to have 

 operated on the Bilbao cables (p. 191). The place of fracture was 119 

 nautical miles from Aden, 20 to 25 miles south of the Arabian coast, at a 

 depth of 870 to 990 fathoms, on an even bottom of mud. 



Penang and Madras. — Interruptions noted on this section have been 

 as follows : — 



May 12, 1873 ; November 15, 1875 ; March 28, 1876 ; November 9, 878 ; April 22, 

 1880 ; January 31, 1881 ; June 6, 1883 ; November 15, 1883 ; June 13, 1884 ; Septem- 

 ber 2, 1886 ; November 2, 1886 ; November 14, 1886 ; September 22, 1888 (?) ; May 13, 

 1890. 



On the above dates horizontal pendulums or the equivalent instru- 

 ments were not in operation, but that these interruptions were partly 

 due to sub-oceanic change may be inferred from the fact pointed out by 

 Sir John Pender in the 'Electrical Review ' of May 23, 1890, who says 

 that nearly all the interruptions on this line have taken place on very bad 

 ground near the Nicobar Islands. 



The following completes the list of interruptions on far eastern 

 lines : — 



Rangoon — Penang. — September 4, 1886; May 13, 1890. 



Singapore— Pcnanq. — November 20, 1873; August 7, 1876; November 8, 1876 

 December 20, 1876; July 20, 1877 ; October 19, 1877 ; September 30, 1878. 



£atavia^Singaj}ore.— March 31, 1873 (?) ; May 20, 1874 (?) ; August 13, 1874 

 August 18, 1874 ; December 14, 1874 ; September 2, 1875 ; November 5, 1875 ; May 9 

 1876 ; June 28, 1876 ; October 25, 1876 ; February 27, 1877 ; September 28, 1877 ; NO' 

 vember 9, 1877 ; January 22, 1878 ; May 2, 1878; August 31, 1878; October 28, 1878 

 December 28, 1878; September 20, 1879; December 3, 1883. 



Port Darfvi7i and Java (Banjoewanji) June 21, 1872; April 27, 1876; Novem- 

 ber 8, 1877; September 27, 1878; May 29, 1879; July 4, 1879; March 5, 1883 

 March 10, 1883 ; April 6, 1883 ; October 22, 1883 ; June 29, 1888 (two cables broken) 

 October 10, 1888 (both cables broken); October 22, 1888 (both cables broken) 

 July 11, 1890* (three cables broken, one being to Roebuck Bay); February 23. 

 1893*; March 22, 1893*; September 27, 1893*; October 25, 1893* (two cables 

 broken) ; ' October 26, 1893*. 



The horizontal pendulum records are as follows : — 



February 22, 1893. At Strassburg, ll-28h. to ll-78h. ; also at Nicolaiew. 

 Moderate. 



March 20, 1893. At Strassburg, 5-18h. to 5-53h. ; also at Nicolaiew. Mode- 

 rate. Origin probably in Zante. 



September 11, 1893. At Charkow, 16h. 13m. to 17h. 50m. 



October 22, 1893. At Charkow, 6h. 53m. to 8h. 14m. 



The two fractures of June 29, 1888, took place 20 and 25 miles south 

 by west of Mount Dodo, Sambawa, where depths vary from 734 to 1,130 

 fathoms. Sir John Pender, at the ordinary general meeting of the 

 Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Company,^ says that it 

 was found that these breaks resulted from ' volcanic ' action ; and, curiously 



> See Electrician, November 3, 1893. * Ibid., October 12, 1888. 



