380 REPORT— 1897. 



several professors, have made strong representations to the University 

 Commissioners, who have recently remodelled the regulations of the 

 Scottish universities (Appendix XLII.). 



University Extension Courses. 



In England and Wales the university extension lecture system has 

 done something to help teachers of geography in various centres. In 

 1896-97, 4 courses of 25 lectures by London University Extension Lec- 

 turers, 5 of 12 lectures by Cambridge University Extension Lecturers, 



4 of 6 lectures by Oxford University Extension Lecturers, and 1 of 12 

 and 1 of 10 lectures by Victoria University Extension Lecturers — in all 

 206 lectures. 



Other Institutions. 



In the London School of Economics, in the Heriot-Watt (Technical 

 and Commercial) College, Edinburgh, there are lecturers in geography. 

 The London Chamber of Commerce and other bodies have aided in the 

 extension of geographical knowledge. The number of professional colleges 

 and schools teaching applied geography is small, although the specialised 

 branches of the subject ought to be dealt with in such institutions and 

 not in the ordinary schools. The absence of Commercial Geography 

 from the courses of many Higher Commercial Institutions is greatly to be 

 deplored. 



Foreign. 



In the April number of ' Petermann's Mitteilungen,' there is a list of 

 classes held and lectures being delivered at the universities and higher 

 schools in the German Empire, and the German parts of Austria 

 and Switzerland, on geography and allied subjects during the summer 

 session of 1897. From this list it appears that 85 professors in the 

 German Empire, 20 in Austria, and 9 in Switzerland are engaged in such 

 work, and if we omit the courses in geology and meteorology, and general 

 courses in statistics, anthropology, and ethnology, we find 51 professors in 

 the German Empire, 1 1 in Austria, and 5 in Switzerland, giving courses 

 in subjects that may be held as belonging more strictly to the domain of 

 geography, the number of courses being 98, 17, and 16 respectively. . . . 

 It would shed an instructive light on the difference of the estimation in 

 which geography is held as a branch of the higher education in this 

 country if we had for comparison a similar list for the United Kingdom, 

 and in the absence of such a list it may be worth while to point out 

 that in the list of the University Extension summer courses, given in 

 the April number of the ' University Extension Journal,' there are only 



5 geographical courses, and even if we double this number so as to take 

 into account the classes held after lectures . . . we have only 10 summer 

 courses in England (in addition to any university courses that may be 

 going on), to compare with the 131 courses in German Europe.' 



In the ' Geographisches Jahrbuch ' for 1896, the following are the 

 numbers of geographical chairs and lectureships in the univei'sities and 

 colleges of the chief countries : — France, 41 ; German Empire, 35 ; Austria, 

 16 3 Italy, 16 ; Russia, 15 ; Belgium, 7 ; Switzerland, 7 ; United Kingdom, 

 5. The lecturers in the university colleges should perhaps be added to the 



' Geographical Journal, June 1897, pp. 660, 661. 



