394 REPORT— 1897. 



XIX. — Programme of Course in Geography in the Austrian 



Training Colleges. 



Elementary Teachers, ' Volkschule.' 



Understanding of maps and globes. Knowledge of the earth's surface, 

 physical and political, especially Europe, and more particulary Central 

 Europe. Map drawing, and geographical representation of the chief 

 elements of physical geography. 



Teachers, ' Biirgerschule.' 



Mathematical, physical, and political geography of the world, of 

 Europe, and especially of Central Europe, and a thorough knowledge of 

 geography of native land. 



Knowledge of the Constitution and Organisation of the Austro- 

 Hungarian monarchy in general. 



General knowledge of commercial geography. 



Accuracy in dealing with comparative geography. 



Skill in map-drawing, and in the graphic representation of physical 

 geography. 



XX. — Programme of Course in Geography in the Training Colleges 

 OF THE Grand Duchy of Baden. 



First Course. — General geography. More detailed knowledge of 

 Germany. 



Second Course. — The five continents, with more detailed treatment of 

 Europe. 



Third Course. — Mathematical and physical geography. Knowledge 

 of the solar system. 



In teaching geography emphasis is to be laid upon the intelligent 

 understanding of a map, and upon gi'aphic descriptions of interesting 

 geographical incidents. 



To this end globes and maps — without the political divisions — showing 

 the oro- and hydrographical relations, also the distribution of temperature 

 and of cultivated plants, should be selected for the earlier lessons. 

 Political geography comes later. 



Whilst in the preparatory school attention is more directed to topo- 

 graphical relations, in the training colleges it is more important to keep 

 in view the nature of the countries, their climatic conditions, their 

 characteristic animal and plant forms, and the life and occupations 

 of the people who inhabit them and are dependent on the soil for their 

 livelihood. 



The various countries will be treated with more or less detail according 

 to their importance. 



Map-drawing is to be diligently practised. In map-drawing the pupils 

 are to be so far advanced that they can draw a map of the school district 

 on an enlarged scale, showing all the geographical features. 



In the methodical introduction to geographical teaching liberal use is 

 to be made of atlases, wall maps, globes, telluria, and other apparatus in 

 illustration. 



