THE POSITION OF GEOGRAPHY IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. 405 



3. UmVERSITY EDUCATION. 



XXXVII. — Excerpt from Report by Mr. Yule Oldham, M.A., 

 Lecturer in Geography in the University op Cambridge, to the 

 Royal Geographical Society, May 1897. 



' Geography has received the practical recognition of being introduced 

 as an essential part of the new revised Historical Tripos.' 



XXXVITI. — Excerpt from Communication by Mr. H. J. Mac- 

 kinder, M.A., Reader in Geography, University of Oxford, on 

 the Position op Geography in that University. 



' In almost all the papers set in the Honour School of Modern History 

 at Oxford there are two questions on Geography, which, if well done, 

 count considerably. As a result, the greater number of the candidates 

 find it worth their while to attend the lectures of the Reader in Geo- 

 graphy. 



' Geography counts as an optional subject for a Pass degree, and is 

 taken by a few candidates.' 



XXXIX. — Excerpt from Communication by Professor A. W. 

 Ward, LL.D., D.C.L., Principal of the Owens College, Man- 

 chester, on the Position op Geography in that College and in 

 THE Victoria University. 



' The new Regulations (Victoria University) substitute, for the old 

 optional Preliminary subject of Physiography, the following : — 



' geography. 



' («) Physical Geography. — The agents at work on and beneath the 

 surface of the earth. 



' Phenomena resulting from earth heat. 



* Distribution of land and water. 



' (6) Political and Commercial Geogra2)hy.—Vo\\.t\C8l and economic 

 effects of Natural Features and conditions. 



* Outlines of Geography of the British Empire (including Historical 

 Geography), Political and Commercial Geography of the United Kingdom. 



' You will perceive that this amounts to the inclusion of geography only 

 in the first year's course ; but apart from the fact that it has been thought 

 wiser, in dealing with this subject, to begin with the foundations, we were 

 specially anxious to recognise it in the first instance as a university sub- 

 ject at the stage where school and university training came into contact. 



' The College remains without any endowment for the teaching of 

 geography, since both the Royal and the Manchester Geographical Societies 

 have discontinued the grants (of 50Z. each) made by them during periods 

 of five and four years respectively. 



' The teaching of the subject will accordingly, in this College, be for 

 the present divided between Mr. Flux (Lecturer in Political Economy), 

 who has been appointed Lecturer in Political and Commercial Geography, 

 and Professor Boyd Dawkins, Professor of Geology ' 



SYLLABUS in PHYSICAL GEOGEAPIIT. 



1. The agents at work on and, beneath the Surface of the Earth — 

 Water — Frost — Snow — Ice — The Atmosphere — Chemical Action in. build- 



