TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION F. 743 



They may be regarded as forming the pomids, shillings, aud pence side of the 

 struggle for self-government. The Assembly of Lower Canada, desiring self- 

 government as an end, endeavoured to gain control of the Crown revenues as a 

 means. From 1791 to 1831 these Crown revenues consisted of (1) The casual 

 and territorial revenues ; (2) The revenues arising under the Quebec llevenue 

 Act of 1774 ; (3) A permanent grant of ^^5,000 made by the Legislature in 1795, 

 to which may be added another small aid, granted in 1801. 



In 1831, on the recommendation of the Canada Committee of 1828, the pro- 

 ceeds of the Quebec Revenue Act were surrendered without reserve or condition 

 to the control of the Provincial Legislature. This surrender weakened the Pro- 

 vincial Executive, and encouraged the House of Assembly to hope that consti- 

 tutional reforms might be obtained by withholding supplies. From October 1832 

 to the suspension of the Constitution no supplies were voted by the House. In 

 1836 the Home Government finally decided to apply the provincial moneys to the 

 payment of arrears without the sanction of the Provincial Legislature. Their 

 constitutional weapon being thus vn-ested from their grasp, the thoughts of a 

 large number of the French Canadians turned towards separation from England, 

 republicanism, independence. 



By the Union Act of 1840 the casual and territorial revenues were surrendered 

 with some reservations and conditions to the Provincial Legislature. Most im- 

 portant was the deduction of 75,000/. for a Civil List. In 1847, at the request 

 of the Canadian Parliament, the appropriation clauses of the Union Act were 

 repealed, and the Civil List was made to rest upon provincial enactment. Since 

 1847 all expenditures of the Government have been made under the authority of 

 the Canadian Parliament, consequent^, since 1847, it has been necessary for a 

 Canadian Governor-General, entirely apart from his own opinions on the subject 

 of colonial self-government, to choose as his constitutional advisers those who, 

 possessing the confidence of the Lower House, can induce Parliament to vote 

 supplies. 



Responsible government became necessary the moment that the Legislature 

 gained full control of the Provincial Treasury. The political situation compelled 

 the solution, and credit is due not only to the great British statesmen who were 

 able to realise the political situation, but also to the great Canadians who 

 created it. 



4. The Evolution of the MefrojMlis, and Problems in Metropolitan 

 Government. By Wm. H. Hale, Ph.D. Brooklyn, iV". Y., U.S.A. 



A brief statement is made of the development of Greater New York, otherwise 

 called the city of New York, as it will be constituted on and after January 1, 

 1898, by the consolidation of the cities of New York, Brooklyn, and Long Island 

 city, the county of Richmond (Staten Island), and a part of the county of Queens. 

 The new consolidated city of New York will be second only to London in popula- 

 tion, and will contain a population estimated at 3,430,000, being more than that 

 of the United States when the Government of that country was founded, and 

 greater than that of any other State of the Union at the present time except Penn- 

 sylvania, Ohio, and Illinois ; or nearly equal to the combined population of the 

 provinces of Ontario and Quebec. 



The government of the vast aggregation of heterogeneous elements drawn from 

 all quarters of the globe presents new and difficult problems in American juris- 

 prudence, which the writer hoped would receive elucidation at this meeting. 



The charter of Greater New York provides for the novel and interesting 

 experiment of a bi-cameral municipal government, the municipal assembly being 

 composed of two Houses — the common council of twenty-nine members, of whom 

 the president is elected by the city at large, and the other members by districts ; 

 and the board of aldermen of sixty-one members, elected one from each district. 

 The mayor of the city has a seat and voice, but no vote in the Upper House, and 

 heads of departments in the Lower. 



