GADWALL. NATATGRES. CHAULIODUS. 301 
finity to the Shovellers, in the length and delicacy of the la- 
minz of the upper mandible; which, in the European 
species, project upwards the tenth of an inch beyond the 
margin. They are also removed in their habits from the 
other members of this subfamily, being (if I may so use the 
term) more decidedly aquatic. 'They excel in diving, and 
have recourse to it, not only when wounded (as some of the 
others do), but as the means of escape whenever disturbed ; 
seldom taking wing for that purpose, although in rapidity of 
flight they surpass most of the Ducks. In addition to the 
species known in Europe, another has been found in Africa, 
which Mr Swainson has named Chaul. Capensis ; and in 
this new one the middle tail-feathers are rather elongated, 
shewing a nearer approach to the Teals and Widgeons. 
COMMON GADWALL. 
Cuautiopus STrREPERA, Swainson. 
PLATE LDS bt * Pies: 
Chauliodus Strepera, Swainson, in Journ. Royal Inst. 2. 19. 
Anas Strepera, Linn. Syst. 1. 200. 20.—Gmel. Syst. 1. 520.—Briss. Orn. 
6. 339..8. t. 33. f. 1.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 859. sp. 69.—Wils. Amer. Orn. 
8. 130. pl. 71. f 1. Male.—Shaw’s Zool. 12. 103.—Flem. Br. Anim. 1. 
124, sp. 188. 
Anas Platyrynchos rostro nigro, Ray, 145.—Will. 287. 
Le Chipeau ou Ridenne, Buff: Ois. 9. 187. t. 12. fem.—Id. Pl. Enl. 958. 
Male. 
Canard Chipeau ou Ridenne, Temm. Man. d’Ornith. 2. 837. 
Schwatterente, Bechst. Naturg. Deut. 4. 1096.—Meyer, Tasschenb. Deut. 
2. 535. 
Gadwall or Grey, Penn. Br. Zool. 2. 603. No. 288.—Arct. Zool. 2. 575. I. 
—Wiili. (Angl.) 374. t. 72.—Lath. Syn. 6. 515. 61.—Lath. in Trans. Lin. 
Soc. 4. 111. pl. 13. f 7. and 8. (Trachea).—Lewin’s Br. Birds, 7. pl. 
258.—Mont. Orn. Dict. 1.—Bewick’s Br. Birds, ed. 1826, p. t. 348.— 
Shaw’s Zool. 12. 103.—Flem. Br. Anim. 1. 124. sp. 188.— Wiis. Amer. 
Orn. 8. 130. pl. 71. f. 1. 
Tue Gadwall is rather a rare visitant with us, and is sel- Rare visi- 
: : : : tant. 
dom seen, except about the period of its vernal migration, 
