GARROT. NATATORES. CLANGULA. 373 
sides yellowish-brown, margined with brownish-grey. 
Flanks umber-brown. Abdomen and belly greyish- 
white, undulated with clove-brown. Spot between the 
bill and eye, and upon the ear-coverts, white. Chin 
and throat greyish-white. 
The young males resemble in a great measure the females 
for the first year, and do not acquire the white collar 
till after the second moult. 
SUBFAMILY MERGINA. 
Bitt narrow, cylindrical, with the margins toothed ; and 
the tip armed with a hooked nail. 
Genus MERGUS, Linn. MERGANSER. 
GENERIC CHARACTERS. 
Bit as long as, or longer than, the head, narrow, and al- 
most cylindrical ; high at the base; tapering towards the 
point, which is armed with a strong hooked dertrum, or nail ; 
edges of both mandibles toothed or serrated, with the serra- 
tures generally pointing backwards. Chin-angle very long, 
reaching nearly to the nail of the under mandible. Nostrils 
near the middle of the bill lateral, pervious, oblong, longitu- 
dinally cleft in the membrane. Tongue long, pointed, ci- 
liated. 
Wings of mean length, acute; the first and second quills 
nearly equal in length. Tail graduated or rounded ; rather 
long. 
Legs placed far backward, short. Feet large; of four 
toes, three before and one behind ; the front toes webbed. 
Outer and middle toes of equal length, and longer than the 
