388 NATATORES. MERGUS. SMEw. 
Male. black ; the occiput, and part of the occipital crest, being 
of the same colour. Head, neck, breast, and under 
plumage, pure white. The back, and the two crescents, 
which advancing, partly encircle the lower neck and 
breast, black. Shoulders, and part of the lesser wing- 
coverts, white. Scapulars white, and greyish-white, 
margined on the outer webs with black. Secondaries 
and middle wing-coverts deep glossy black, with a nar- 
row fringe of white. Sides and flanks with transverse 
zigzag lines of black. Upper tail-coverts bluish-grey. 
Tail the same, and graduated. Quills brownish-black. 
Female. | Much less than the male bird. Head, crested occiput, and 
hinder part of the neck, reddish-brown. 'Throat and 
sides of the upper part of the neck, white. Lower part 
of neck, breast, sides and flanks, ash-grey. Back, sca- 
pulars, upper tail-coverts, and tail, deep grey, inclining 
to clove-brown. Middle part of the lesser wing coverts 
greyish-white. The rest of the wings (with the excep- 
tion of the secondaries and greater coverts, which are 
bordered with white) deep greyish-black. Legs and bill 
deep grey. , 
Young. The young of both sexes are similar to the adult female. 
At the second moult the males indicate, by a few black 
feathers, the commencement of the patch on the side of 
the face; the back also becomes varied with black ; and 
appearances of the two crescents are discernible. 
