GULL. NATATORES. LARUS. 507 
broccoli-brown; the chin almost immaculate, and of a 
purer white. Upper plumage a mixture of grey, clove- 
brown, and pale wood-brown. Quills uniform greyish- 
black. ‘Tail having its base marbled with white and 
clove-brown, the remainder plain clove-brown, with the 
exception of the extreme tip, which is white. Legs and 
toes pale flesh-red. 
After the second general moult the markings are the same, Second 
but paler; and the basal part of the tail whiter. See. 
At the succeeding moult, the pale grey or mature feathers Third 
begin to shew themselves upon the mantle, and the tail Year 
feathers nearly lose the black bar. The bill and irides 
also gradually change colour to those of the adult bird. 
During the first and second years it is very difficult to 
distinguish this and the young of the Lesser Black- 
backed species from each other. 
GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL. 
Larus marinus, Linn. ' 
PLATE XCVII. 
Larus marinus, Zinn. Syst. 1. 225. 6.—Gmel. Syst. 1. 598.— Brunn. No. 
145.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 843. sp. 5.—Flem. Br. Anim. 1. 140. No. 225. 
Steph. Shaw’s Zool. 13. 186. 
"Larus niger, Briss. 6. 158. 1. 
Larus maximus ex albo et nigro varius, Raii Syn. 127. A. 1.— Will. 261. 
Le Goéland noir Manteau, Buff: Ois. 8. 405. t. 31.—Id. PL Enl. 990.— 
Temm. Man. d’Ornith. 2. 760. 
Mantel Meve, Bechst. Naturg. Deut. 4. 653.—Meyer, Tasschenb. Deut. 
2. 465. 
Great Black and White Gull, Will. (Angl.) 334. t. 67.—Albin’s Birds, 
3. t. 94.—Low’s Faun. Orcad. 116. 
Black-backed Gull, Penn. Br. Zool. 2. 528. No. 242.—Arct. Zool. 2. 
No. 451.—Lath. Syn. 6. 371. 2.—Lewin’s Br. Birds, 6. pl. 208.— 
Bewick’s Br. Birds, ed. 1826. p. t. 201.—Flem. Br. Anim. 1. 140. No. 225. 
Great Black-backed Gull, Moné. Orn. Dict. and Sup.—Shaw’s Zool. 13. 
186. 
Cobb, Rennie’s Mont. Ornith. Dict. 92. 
Larus neevius, Gmel. Syst. 1. 598. 
Larus marinus junior, var. y. Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 314. Young. 
Le Goéland variée ou Grissard, Buff: Ois, 8. 413. t.31.—Id. Pl. Enl. 266. 
