428 JOURNAL, BOMB A Y NA TVRA L HISTOR Y SOCIETY, Vol. XV 11. 



The pupa is quiescent and often enclosed in a rough cocoon. It 

 is usually white in colour. Fig. 90 shows some forms of pupae. 



The adult may live 

 without movement 

 near the cocoon for 

 some time after 

 emergence whilst its 

 outer layers of chitin 

 are slowly hardening 

 (this will he found 

 common amongst 

 Buprestidce, Cer- 

 ambycidce, and the 

 hark borers, Scoly- 

 tidce, &c). The 

 beetle when found 

 in this condition in 

 the pupal chamber 

 is yellow or light 

 brown in colour, 

 90— Coleopterous pnpee. 00 Dinoderas minutus changing to dark 

 (BostrichidEe). (J) Sphenoptera go&sjpii. (c) ] Drown or t,i ac £ k e _ 

 Hoplocerambyx spinicornis. (d) Tcnnieus sp. 



(Scolytids). CO Calandra sculpturata CCurcu- fore lt " naI1 y emer- 

 lionidae). ges from the tree. 



The initial classification of the beetles depends upon the number of 

 tarsal joints present on the feet. There are four great groups, and these 

 groups are again divided into series as follows : — 



f Series, Lamellicornia — Antennae with the terminal 

 joints broader on one side so as to form a pecu- 

 liar club, the leaves of which are movable. 

 Pentammera — 5 tarsal [ Series, Adephaga or Caraboidea — Antennas fili- 

 joints present upon all the { form or nearly so. 



legs. Series, Clavicornia — Antennas usually thickened 



at the tip or knobbed, 

 j Series, Serricornia — Antennae usually serrate along 

 {_ their inner edge. 



Heteromera — 1st and f 

 i 



Fig. 



2nd pairs of legs have 5 j The families Tenebrionidre and Cantharidae only 



tarsal joints ; the 

 pair have 4 only. 



third | w ;u kg considered here. 

 I 



