MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 



839 



mouth of this free part can be drawn in and closed by the larva like a cloth bag 

 with a string to close it let in all round ; the front legs are used for closing. 



LAKVAL CASES OF THE MOTH CLANIA VAR1EGATA. 



As the larva grows it enlarges the case by gnawing off new lengths of stick 

 (always, nearly, dead pieces) which are let in between the others symmetrically 

 for which purpose the web or lining is cut by the insect's jaws gradually the 

 whole length down between two of the existing sticks. The web lining is of 

 extraordinary toughness and is extremely difficult to tear. The larva never 

 comes out of the cocoon or case but only protrudes the first four segments for 

 feeding or building purposes ; it holds on to the twig, &c., by its true legs and 

 thus moves about case and all. When full grown and about to pupate the case 

 is attached strongly by the free part of the inside lining and closed ; the larva 

 then turns its head towards the bottem end, and pupates. The pupa works its 

 way out through the bottom end when ready to burst and forces itself three- 

 quarters way out of the case in which position the male emer< es. The female 

 imago stays in the case, protrudes her end segments through the bottom of the 

 case and is in that position fertilised by the male ; she never comes out, being 

 soft-bodied and apterous. The female imago is a whitey-yellow grub with no 

 distinct head, no legs, a few feathery golden-yellow scales about segments 2-5 

 (which segments together are only about equal in lei gth to one of the central 

 abdominal segments) and dor ally about segment 12 ; the scales of segments 2-5 

 are disposed laterally and ventrally, the dorsal portions of those segments being 



