ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. 369 



advanced to a genus under tbe name of Pyrrhocorax. Tem- 

 minck adopts this generic name, and also retains the old 

 specific one, so that he terms the species Pyrrhocorax pyrrhoco- 

 rax. The inelegance of this method is so great as to demand 

 a change of the specific name, and the species now stands as 

 Pyrrhocorax alpiuus, Vieill. We propose, therefore, that 



§ 13. A new specific name must be given to a species when 

 its old name has been adopted for a genus whicb includes that 

 species. 



iV.JS. — It will be seen, however, below that we strongly ob- 

 ject to the further continuance of this practice of elevating 

 specific names into generic. 



[Latin orthography to be adhered to~] . 



On the subject of orthography it is necessary to lay down 

 one proposition, — 



§ 14. In writing zoological names, the rules of Latin or- 

 thography must be adhered to. 



In Latinizing Greek words there are certain rules of ortho- 

 graphy known to classical scholars which must never be depart- 

 ed from. For instance, the names which modern authors have 

 "written Aipunemia, Zenopliasia, poiocephala, must according to 

 the laws of etymology, be spelt yEpymemia, XenopJiasia, and 

 pceocephala. In Latinizing modern words the rules of classic 

 usage do not apply, and all that w T e can do is to give to such 

 terms as classical an appearance as we can, consistently with 

 the preservation of their etymology. In the case of European 

 words whose orthography is fixed, it is best to retain the origi- 

 nal form, even though it may include letters and combinations 

 unknown in Latin. Such words, for instance, as Woodwardi. 

 Knighti, Bullocki, Eschscholtzi, would be quite unintelligible if 

 they were Latinized into Vudvardi, Cnicliti, Bullocci, Essohi, 

 &c. But words of barbarous origin, having no fixed ortho- 

 graphy, are more pliable, and hence, when adopted into the 

 Latin, they should be rendered as classical in appearance as is 

 consistent with the preservation of their original sound. 

 Thus the words Tockus, aiosnree, argoondah, hundoo, &c, should, 

 when Latinized, have been written Toccus, ansure, argunda, 

 cimdu, &c. Such words ought, in all practicable cases, to 

 have a Latin termination given them, specially if they are used 

 generically. 



In Latinizing proper names, the simplest rule appears to be to 

 use the termination-?^, genitive-i, when the name ends with a 



