MOEPHOLOGY OF THE LEPIDOPTEEA. 177 



Fig. 9. P. Machaon, female. A similar view. ? , indicates the female apertures. A fine line some- 

 times runs forwards to the posterior edge of the seventh segment from the sexual apertures 

 as in fig. 10. s = sustentors. 



Fig. 10. Protoparce mauritii, Butler, a Sphingid from Natal. Ventral view of the last three abdominal 

 segments. The ninth is seen to be prolonged forwards medianly as a short triangle, at the 

 apex of which is one of the female apertures. It is also not completely marked off medianly 

 from the tenth segment behind. The punctations of the chitinous cuticle are indicated on 

 the right side of the figure. ? indicates the two female apertures. A fine dark line, which 

 doubtless corresponded to the anterior section of the azygos oviduct, runs forward from the 

 anterior female aperture to the hind border of the seventh segment. (Specimen in Natural 

 History Museum collection.) 



Fig. 11. Sphinx ligustri, male. A similar view to fig. 1. The punctations of the chitinous cuticle 

 are indicated in the eighth and ninth segments. J 1 indicates the aperture of the ductus 

 ejaculatorius and its two triangular lips, r.p., the prominences representing the anal prolegs. 



Fig. 12. Sp. ligustri, female. A similar view to fig. 11. $ indicates the confluent female apertures. 



Fig. 13. Sp. ligustri, female. Enlarged view of the two female apertivres (?) in an abnormal specimen. 

 8, 9, indicate the segments. It will be observed that the two apertures belong, as in P. bras- 

 sica, fig. 2, to consecutive segments. 



Fig. 14. Sp. ligustri. Lateral view, similar to fig. 3, of the four terminal segments of the abdomen. 

 The seventh perfect and the eighth abortive spiracle are shown. 



Fig. 15. Vanessa Io, female. Internal view of the ventral region of the last four segments of the 

 abdomen, taken from a cast pupal cuticle. 7, 8, 9, 10, the segments ; s.r., the left sustentor 

 ridge, which is seen to be hollow ; the hollow of the right ridge is seen just above, b.o, the 

 cast chitinous linings respectively of the duct of the bursa copulatrix and of the oviducal tube. 



Fig. 16. Sphinx ligustri, female. A similar view to fig. 15. The lining of the bursal duct (b) is broken 

 and bent clown. 



Fig. 17. Smerinthus ocellatus. A similar view to fig. 15. 



Fig. 18. Vanessa Io. The larval cuticle dissected off and reflected in a specimen about to pupate. The 

 numerals indicate the segments — on the left, of the larval cuticle ; on the right, of the contained 

 pupa, an., the cuticular lining of the rectum partially pulled out. cr., the cremaster, which is 

 seen to be contained within the cuticle of the anal valve of the caterpillar. Obj. a*, oc. 2, 

 Zeiss, draw-tube at 160. 



Fig. 19. Vanessa Io. The female organs of the unimpregnated female dissected out and drawn from a 

 left latero-dorsal point of view, ov., ov., the ventral ends of the four ovarioles of each side ; od., 

 the two paired oviducts ; od'., the azygos oviduct which ends immediately below the rectum ; 

 b.c, the bursa copulatrix, here empty and therefore collapsed ; d.b.c, duct of the bursa ; the 

 portion dorsal to the seminal canal is derived from the anterior pair of larval vesicles, the 

 portion ventral to it from the primitive azygos oviduct ; s.c, the seminal canal connecting the 

 duct of the bursa to the dorsal aspect of the azygos oviduct ; r.s., the receptaculum semiuis 

 divisible into the following three regions : — d.s., the ductus seminalis ; c.s., the capsula semiuis, 

 here two irregular dilatations instead of the more usual pyriform vesicle; and gl.r.s., the 

 appended gland, s.gl., the two sebaceous glands terminating at their ventral ends, each in a 

 thin-walled dilated vesicle; the two vesicles are here confluent; d.s.gl., the common duct 

 leading to the azygos oviduct from the sebaceous vesicles, od.gl., the left odoriferous gland. 

 r., the rectum turned backwards, t.a.p., the terminal papilla of the abdomen, derived from a 

 portion only of the tenth segment of the abdomen, ch., a fine pointed chitinous rod inserted 

 basally into a chitinous ring-like thickening of the terminal papilla, and not shown in this 

 figure ; muscle-bundles, running forwards and backwards, are attached to the free apex of this 



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