[ 245 ] 



VII. The External Morphology of the Lepidopterous Pupa : its Relation to that of the 

 other Stages and to the Origin and History of Metamorphosis. — Parts IV. & V. 

 By Edward B. Poulton, M.A., F.B.S., F.L.S., of Keble and Jesus Colleges, Oxford. 



(Plates XXVI. & XXVII.) 



Head 20fch March, 1890. 



Contents. 



Part IV. — The Pupal Antennae. Page 



1. The Relation of Pupal to Imaginal Antenna? 245 



2. The History of the Degeneration of the Antennae in Female Imagines 247 



Pari V.— The Pupal Wings. 



1. The Relation of Pupal to Imaginal Wings 248 



2. The History and Causes of Degeneration in Female Imagines of Lepidoptera .... 251 



3. The Form of the Imaginal Fore Wing detected on that of the Pupa 255 



Part IV. — The Pupal Antenna. 



1. The Relation of Pupal to Imaginal Antenna?. — When investigating the external 

 morphology of the Lepidopterous pupa I had the great benefit of Professor Moseley's 

 kind help and advice. Very early in the investigation he told me of some important 

 observations he had made in 1871 upon the relation between the imaginal and pupal 

 antennae of Saturnia carpini. Corresponding with him on the subject, I received a 

 letter, which is printed in full below. Apart from its great scientific value, the letter is 

 of interest as showing the ready help and sympathy its writer was so pleased to extend 

 to any scientific worker. 



" 14 St. Giles', Oxford, 

 January 1884. 



" Dear Poulton, — I am very glad to hear of the continued success of your researches, 

 and congratulate you on the matter. There is no need why anything should be said 

 about my unpublished observations on the pupae. I cannot lay my hand even on my 

 drawing now. If, however, you think fit, you might mention that on your informing me 

 of the line of work you had in hand I told you that I had observed that in Saturnia 

 carpini the sheaths of the antennae in the female pupa are large and inflated, with traces 

 of pectination, resembling in this respect those of the male pupa, but in a reduced 

 degree, although the antennae of the female imago are, as well known, merely filiform. 

 I concluded from this fact that in the ancestral Saturniida; theimagos of both sexes must 

 have had large pectinated antennae, and that they had not been developed as such only 



SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. V. 37 



