TO INDIAN CAECINOLOGT. 399 



middle and distal end of the merus, and about the middle of the hand. The legs are 

 uncoloured. 



The largest male is 6 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, with the chelipede 10 mm. long ; 

 the largest female is 5'8 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, the chelipede 8"5 mm. long. 



The species is distinguished at once by its small size, and there can be no doubt that 

 the Martaban examples are adult. The nearest ally appears to be P. tridentata, Miers, 

 from Japan, in which, however, in addition to the difference in size, the median frontal 

 projection is much more prominent, and the carapace is punctulated. 



Genus Philyra, Leach. 



177. Philyra scabriuscula (Pabr.). 



P. scabriuscula (Fabr.), Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxi. p. 299 (1855). 



Eumeswaram and Tuticorin, many specimens (Thurston). Abundant at Madras and 

 on the S. Indian coast generally (J. P. H.). 



There is considerable variation as regards the amount of tuberculation on the carapace ; 

 very commonly there is a smooth rounded area on the cardiac region, and a smooth 

 longitudinal area on each branchial region. On the post-gastric region the tubercles may 

 be absent, but they are usually present in this locality, and some of them may be larger 

 than those met with elsewhere. In young specimens the fingers are armed with more 

 prominent teeth towards the apices than in adults, and are also slightly setose. 



Distribution. E. Africa, Indian Seas, Malay Archipelago. 



178. Philyra verrucosa, n. sp. (PI. XXXVII. figs. 10-12.) 



Madras, an adult male (J. P. H.). 



This species is so closely allied to P. scabriuscula that only the points of difference 

 between the two need be pointed out. The carapace is more convex, with deeper 

 branchio-cardiac grooves, and, excepting the surface of the frontal lobes, it is everywhere 

 uniformly covered with smooth, rounded tubercles, one of which in the centre of the 

 post-gastric area is larger than the others. The tubercles on the anterior half of the 

 carapace are smaller than those on the posterior half. The external orbital angle is 

 scarcely represented, while in P. scabriuscula it is prominent, and the front is narrower 

 between the eyes in our species. The small blunt lobe seen on the hepatic area in P. 

 scabriuscula is not present, but this surface is crossed obliquely by a continuous tuber- 

 culated line. The external maxillipedes are uniformly granulated externally, including 

 even the exognaths, while in P. scabriuscula they are almost smooth, there being at 

 most a few granules on the endognath ; the exoguath is broader than the ischial joint 

 of the endognath, and its outer margin is strongly convex, distinctly indenting the 

 lateral margin of the carapace ; in the longer known species the exognath is decidedly 

 less convex. 



The chelipedes are shorter and stouter in the new species, and with more numerous 

 but smaller tubercles on the merus ; the fingers are without small teeth or setae. The 

 sternum is uniformly tuberculate, whereas in P. scabriuscula there are merely lines of 



57* 



