424 REPOEi — 1891. 



the calves of their legs from slipping down.' During their monthly- 

 periods women place soft cedar- bark in the vagina. The bark is afterwards 

 burnt in the woods. The smoke of this fire is believed to be poisonous. 



It is evident that the culture of the Bilqula is very greatly iniluenced 

 by that of the Kwakiutl. The secret societies and the potlatch ceremonies 

 are almost a copy of those of the Heiltsuk'. This influence has been so 

 deep that names of even deities and of the mythical ancestors of certain 

 gentes are pui'ely Kwakiutl words, or have at least Kwakiutl endings. Thus 

 the name Aiumki'likya (see p. 413) is purely Kwakiutl, meaning ' good all 

 over the world.' K"'6mk''omkiiikya is also a Kwakiutl word, meaning 

 ' the rich one of the world.' The chief's name, Ma'lakyilatl (see p. 409) 

 belongs to the same class of Kwakiutl names. On the other hand, the 

 religious ideas of the Bilqula are very curiously developed, and apparently 

 but slightly influenced by their neighbours. The whole Masmasala'niq 

 tradition is peculiar to them, but has been partly adopted by the Awiky'- 

 e'noq, with whom the Bilqula have intermarried. 



PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRIBES OF THE 

 NORTH PACIFIC COAST. 



The following tables embrace a considerable amount of material which 

 I collected on a journey in Oregon and Washington, undertaken for the 

 U.S. Bureau of Ethnology, together with material which I collected in 

 British Columbia. Thanks to the liberality of Major J. W. Powell, 

 Director of the Bureau of Ethnology, I am enabled to present here 

 the results of all the measurements which I made on the North Pacific 

 coast. 



The tribes of this region proved to be so heterogeneous that it was 

 necessary to subdivide the material into eleven groups, each embracing a 

 number of closely allied tribes. I have distinguished the following 

 groups : — 



1. Tribes of British Columbia, north of Dean Inlet. 



2. Kwakiutl and Nootka. 



3. Bilqula. 



4. Lower Eraser River. 



6. Harrison Lake and Lillooet. 



6. Tribes of Washington, including the whole coast of that State west 

 of the Cascade Range. 



7. Columbians, including the tribes in the immediate neighbourhood 

 of Columbia River and in the Lower Willamette Valley. 



8. Northern Oregon, including the Yakonan and Salish tribes between 

 Umpqua and Columbia Rivers. 



9. Oregonian Tinneh and Coosan. 



10. Crosses between Oregonian Tinneh and Northern Californians. 



11. Northern Californians. 



Only a short series of measurements of each individual was made, such 

 as could be taken by the removal of only a small portion of the clothing. 

 Following is a list of the measurements. 



