436 



KEPORT — 1891. 



In order to discuss the material contained in the preceding tables, I 

 have arranged it in series. The series for ' Stature,' ' Cephalic Index,' 

 ' Facial Index,' ' Index of Upper Part of Face,' ' Finger-reach,' ' Height, 

 sitting,' and ' Length of Arm,' are given here. In selecting the cases to 

 be included in each series, it was necessary to exercise some criticism. 

 The ages of all individuals are estimated more or less incorrectly. In 

 order to fix the lower limit, I assumed nineteen years for males and seven- 

 teen years for females as the limit. For the facial index I assumed the 

 limits as twenty and eighteen. Only in such cases where the measure- 

 ments of a male of about eighteen years exceeded the corresponding 

 m.ost frequent measurements of adults, I included the case in the series, 

 as the probability is, that such an individual had reached approximately 

 its maximum growth. By this method the total results cannot be 

 depressed. It is more difficalt to decide on an upper limit. It appears 

 clearly from the tables that the changes incident to old age begin very 

 early among these Indians. The stature decreases, and the facial index 

 diminishes on account of the wearing down of the teeth. But there are 

 great individual differences regarding the time of the beginning of these 

 changes. A decrease of stature will always tend to increase the relative 

 length of arm, because the absolute length of the latter does not decrease 

 proportionately. In the same way the proportional part of the ' height, 

 sitting ' decreases as the trunk loses more rapidly, through the increasing 

 curvature of the spine, than the legs do. I have, therefore, excluded all 

 such individuals over forty-eight years (estimated), in whom these 

 indices differ from the most frequently occurring indices in such a sense 

 that they might be explained as caused by loss in size. 



A comparison of children's cephalic indices and of those of adults 

 does not seem to bring oat any typical differences between the two ; for 

 this reason, which is entirely in accord with Welcker's investigations of 

 the growth of the skull (' Untersuchungen iiber Wachsthum und Bau 

 des menschlichen Schadels,' Leipzig, 1862), I have not separated children 

 and adults. Neither do I find an appreciable difference between the 

 indices of males and females, and consider it therefore justifiable to lump 

 all the observations on this point. If, in Table 9, the measurements of 

 Oregonian Tinneh, north of Rogue River, are tabulated separately [for 

 what reason this separation is made, will appear later], the following 

 result is obtained, which shows how nearly the maxima of frequency of 

 occurrence of values of the cephalic index coincide among boys, girls, 

 adult males and adult females : — 



The following tables give the number of occurrences of certain values 

 of stature and various indices among the different tribes. I have 

 refrained from reducing the figures in such a way that they would 

 indicate how many individuals among a thousand would have a certain 

 stature or a certain index. Although apparently by such a procedure 

 the figures become more easily comparable, there is no justification for 

 such a reduction, as the frequency of occurrence of certain values is not ■ 

 proportional to the number of observations. With an increasing number 



