466 



BEPOET 1891. 



Sea Observations at Arbroath. 



Observations at Mason's Gove, two miles north of Arbroath. 

 Bv Mr. Wm. Glen. 



Sea Observations at Dover. 



Notes of Observations viade at Admiralty Pier, Dover, hi/ Captain J. Gordon 

 McDakin, under the auspices of the Dover Natural Histonj Society. 



The place of observation is about 1,000 feet fi-om the shore. Depth 

 of water about 32 feet at lowest tide. 



In the previous year temperatures were taken (at irregular intervals, 

 and therefore not in conformity with the requirements of the Committee) 

 to ascertain the difference of temperature of the surface water of the 

 tides running north and south, their relation to fogs, &c. 



The temperature does not appear to be affected by the northerly or 

 southerly set of the tide. 



The average water- temperatures during the abnormally cold winter of 

 1890-91 were for December .33° -0, January 36°-5, February 40°-0, or 7°-S 

 below the average of the same three months of the previous winter, when 

 the temperature might be considered normal. The low temperature 

 appears to have been caused by the melting snow on the surface water. 

 I am inclined to think, from numerous careful observations made by 

 myself, that 40° is the lowest normal winter temperature. 



The lowest temperatures were on December 16, air 27°, water 28°, 

 and January 10, air 26°, water 28°. It was stated in the local press that 

 at Margate ' the ice was drifted and packed at the foot of the cliffs to 

 the height of six feet. The shore for a great distance was covered with 

 crabs and starfish which had been frozen to death.' 



The small river Doui', rising from two springs at Alkham and Ewell, 

 and flowing into the sea at Dover, about four miles distant, remained 

 unfrozen during this severe winter. The temperature on one occasion 

 was 48° when the surrounding country was covered with snow and ice. 



Discussion of Sea Observations carried out for the Tishert Board 

 ON the Coast of Scotland. By Hugh Robert Mill, D.Sc, 



In the Ninth Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, part 

 iii. p. 353, a detailed discussion of temperature and other physical obser- 



