The Brimstone Butterfly 
The dark green colour gives the larva a protective 
resemblance as it rests upon the upper surface of the 
quite safe from detection by anyone but an 
entomologist. Arrived at maturity, 1t very frequently 
crawls along the stem on the underside. When it has 
fixed upon a suitable place, it covers the stem with 
silken threads from the spimning tube found below the 
mouth organs. Upon and into this silken platform, it 
fastens its anal claspers, or “false legs,’ as they are 
called. Having now firm hold, it next 
proceeds to affix its silk to the twig immediately above 
its true legs in front. The foundation of a minute cable 
is laid over the third pair; then the cable is drawn out 
as the larva stretches itself away from the twig; and 
by a wonderful twist of the body, it brings up the other 
leaves ; 
secured a 
23 
round and underneath, so making 
beimg fixed up on to the twig: 
by a number of strands; the 
larva then rests, slung up in 
its silken girdle, in which it 
remains for some few days 
(Fig. 1); the shape becomes 
more bent, until the skin 
splits at the back of the 
head, and is gradually cast 
off toward the tail end; and 
the translucent chrysalis is 
evolved. The place of th 
claspers being taken by some 
curved hooks, and these hold 
up the chrysalis at the tail, 
while the other 1s slung, and 
supported by the delicate 
silken girdle. 
(@) 
6.0 a.m. 
3.0 
S50) a, 
9.43 ,, 
” 
9.433 ,, 
9.431 
9.433 ,, 
Cat 
946 ,, 
9 48 
NOLO Re 
TULA 
Fig. 6. 
a loose loop, the end 
this girdle is strengthened 
(Fig 2.) Fis. 
Wig. 4° 
Those who desire to see 
the marvellous transforma- 
tion scene, must be prepared 
to exercise a considerable 
amount of patience; but he 
who keeps such a vigil is 
amply rewarded. The green 
colour changes to various 
shades of yellow as the en- 
closed nymph is developing 
into the perfect butterfly. 
In July or August, we find 
the chrysalis about to 
change, and he who means 
to see the resurrection must 
wait long hours; and if he 
desire to try to photograph 
Sy, 
the transformations he will have to make all things ready 
for beginning most exciting work. 
of the accompanying photographs: July 3rd— 
Here are my notes 
Rhamnus pupa showing veins on wines. 
Third segment swelling, (fig. 2). 
Sheht movement; expect it will burst soon. 
Coming! (Fig. 3). Thorax split and front 
heaving off. 
(Fig. 4). Head, eyes, antennae and legs coming. 
(,, 4). Wings swelling out at sides. 
(,, 6). A moment before freeing itself from 
pupa. 
(Fig. 7). Out at last! 
(,, 8). Wings almost expanded. 
(.,, 9). Wings fully expanded. 
(,, 10). Fully developed. Empty chrysalis. 
Flew away on to some leaves. 
