WILD BEASTS AND THEIR WAYS. 
A series of articles on popular Zoology. 
By Sir Harry JOHNSTON, G.C.M.G. 
II—ANTELOPEHS (Part 1) 
Illustrated with original drawings, paintings, and photographs 
by the Author and others. 
TYYHIS article is not intended for the information 
of scientific zoologists, but 1t occurred to the 
present writer that a large number of the readers of 
this magazine are possibly not fully acquainted with 
the grouping and characteristics of the ruminants 
generally styled Antelopes, and many of these 
readers at the present time may be residing 
in or exploring distant parts of Africa and Asia 
where such animals abound, and may be 
glad to haye some concise ideas as to their 
classification and characteristics. 
As a matter of fact, “antelope” is a some- 
what misleading term when applied to all those 
hollow-horned ruminating -Artiodactyles* which are 
not oxen, sheep or goats, or Capricorns,t because 
at present the term antelope is held to apply in 
common parlance not only to the Gazelles and other 
ring-horned creatures (to which apparently the old 
Greek name from which antelope is derived was 
given), but also to the very dissimilar Tragelaphs 
or spiral-horned Cavicorns. These last are really an 
independent group of equal value in their classifica- 
tion to the oxen, to which indeed the tragelaphs are 
more nearly allied than to the gazelles. It will 
be the aim of the present writer to give as 
concisely as possible the general conclusions of 
scientific zoologists (to which he ventures to add 
a few opinions of his own) as to the evolution and 
grouping of these beautiful and interesting forms. 
At the beginning of the Tertiary epoch, ungulates 
or hoofed animals had already differentiated from a 
stock which had also given rise to the ancestors of 
the Lemurs, Monkeys, and Man, and also to the _ 
carnivorous mammals; and from these ungulates at 
a very early stage were evolved (amongst other 
developments) two orders which diverged from each 
other in this manner:—The early ungulates all 
retained the primitive five-toed feet; but one group 
as it walked began to lay particular stress on the GAVABILILIBL, 
third and fourth toes of each foot (equivalent to Cospananve Tasce or SxutTS oF TRAGELAPHS 
* i.e., Even-toed Ungulates. BUFFALOES AND ANTELOPES. 
} The goat-like Mountain Antelopes. From original drawings by the Author. 
