206 Animal Life 
war. The typical brindled gnu is also found in 
South Africa, and its range extends thence 
somewhat capriciously across the Zambezi 
(where apparently it is only found in the 
eastern part of Nyasaland) to German Hast 
Africa, and perhaps as far north as Kilimanjaro 
and the south shores of the Victoria Nyanza. 
In Portuguese Hast Africa, land from Queli- 
mane and in the districts immediately east of the 
River Shire, the local form of the brindled gnu 
is known as the “Nyasaland,” or ‘“ Johnston’s ” 
enu, and, as already stated, differs from the 
typical brindled gnu by its white chevron and 
one or two other features. In the present = 
writer's opinion, this is the only form of the eee ue fe Sean nets =, 
black-maned brindled gnu which is found north . HEA, Gi a ceaeaa 
of the Zambezi. The late Captain Speke shot a brindled gnu on the southern shores 
of the Victoria Nyanza which is identical with the gnu of Nyasaland. he specimen 
may be seen at Captain Speke’s old home, “Jordans,” near Ilminster. In British Hast 
Africa, to the north of Kilimanjaro and westwards as far as the east and south-east coast 
of the Victoria Nyanza, thence northwards perhaps as far as Lake Rudolf and even the 
southern frontier of Abyssinia, there is the white-maned sub-species of the brindled gnu. 
So far as is yet known no form of gnu has been found to the north of 5 degs. north 
latitude, or west of the Victoria Nyanza on the north, or the Kafue affluent of the 
Zambezi on the south. 
The hartebeests have a far wider range. They are evidently a very old type of 
antelope, and apparently once existed in India, where remains of a bubaline type have 
been found fossil. The bubal or northernmost type of hartebeest, which gives its name 
to the sub-family, was not only frequently mentioned by Greek and Latin writers, but 
is alluded to in the Old Testament, as it formerly inhabited Syria. At the present day 
the range of the hartebeests includes the southern portions of Morocco, Algeria, Tunis,* 
and Tripoli, and northern Arabia up to the confines of Palestine. In Western Africa a 
hartebeest (Bubalis major) is found in Senegambia, and in the regions of the Niger and 
the Cameroons outside the dense forests. Another hartebeest (B. tora) inhabits the Lake 
Chad region and the district lying between the northern affluents of the Congo, the 
eastern Benue, and Wadai. The Tora hartebeest also extends its range right across 
the Nile to the north of Abyssinia. In the regions of the White Nile and of the 
Nyam-Nyam country, and everywhere in the Uganda Protectorate outside the forests, 
also in the adjoining districts of British Hast Africa, the species of hartebeest is a well- 
marked type, named after its discoverer, Mr. F. J. Jackson (B. jgacksoni). In this 
species the upward growth of the horns and the sharp backward turn of their tips is 
perhaps most exaggerated, as well as the extravagant length of the face. The colour of 
this animal is entirely red-gold all over, except that on the front of the limbs the 
golden colour turns to a darker brown. The range of this antelope probably extends 
into the southern part of Somaliland. To the east and south, however, its place is taken 
in British and German Hast Africa by Coke’s hartebeest, a much less handsomely 
coloured creature of pale brown with a reddish rump, and with horns that turn outwards 
rather than upwards. I have noticed in the Rift Valley of Hast Africa that the range 
* Of late years the hartebeest has become almost extinct even in the south of Tunis, and if met with at all 
in the political limits of that country it would only be in the region which possesses some vegetation and lies 
between the dried-up salt lakes and the sands of the desert. : 
