212 . Animal Life 
the springbuck of South Africa once existed in Persia. In India remains have been 
found of primitive cervicaprines. It is said that some of the remains of antelopes in 
Southern France would appear to indicate a neotragine form akin to the klipspringer. 
In Germany there are fossils indicating a type of antelope which might be a primitive 
hippotragine, while something very lke the roan antelope is found fossil in India. 
Other creatures more like the oryxes existed in Greece, Italy, and Southern France. 
There were also in India types related to the hartebeests. 
Tragelaphine forms like the kudu have been found fossil in North-Western India 
and in Algeria, and perhaps in Persia and the Island of Samos. Another creature, 
which has been named Palgéoreas, and was also tragelaphine (very like the dwarf kudu, 
in fact), has left its remains in Greece, Southern France, Samos, and Algeria, while 
other and more vague tragelaphine types are found fossil m Southern Germany. 
I might close these two articles by a few hints to sportsmen and naturalists who 
are travelling in Africa as to poimts which want clearmg up in the classification of 
the antelopes. The soft parts (that is to say, the musculature, the internal organs, 
etc.) of the cephalophimes are by no means sufficiently known. In dissecting these little 
antelopes every search should be made for the existence of a gall-bladder, which has 
hitherto been thought to be absent from all the members of this sub-family. It would 
be interesting also to show conclusively that in one or more forms of cephalophine there 
were traces of the upper canine teeth in mature males. Every species of cervicaprine 
(kob, reedbuck, etc.) should be examined for traces of the vanished anteorbital gland 
(tear bag). All hartebeests, topis, and pallahs should be examined to ascertain the 
number of mamma. ‘It would be very interesting if it were found that any true 
hartebeest, topi, or pallah developed four mamme. 
More information might be collected as to the horns of the addax antelope. It has 
been stated somewhat vaguely by some French travellers that there are forms of the 
addax in the vicinity of the Upper Niger in which the horns have but slight spiral 
twists, are thicker, and a little: more like those of the roan antelopes. 
In collecting skulls: of all the little-known antelopes great care should be taken 
of the molar teeth, both in the lower and the upper jaw, as the shape, length, and 
structure of these teeth are important in classification. The same thing may also be 
said about the bones of the 
skull, which so rarely arrive in 
a perfect condition. It would 
also be interesting to obtain 
specimens of the young soon 
after birth in all the cephalo- 
phine antelopes, with a view to 
discovering if any of these forms 
showed in their very young stages 
traces of the white spots and 
stripes so characteristic of the 
prunitive ruminants. 
Photograph by W. P. Dando. WHYALLA 
THE ELAND (TLaurotragus canna) i ‘ 
(In the next number of Anima Lire will appear an article by Mr. F. C. Selous entitled “An African Game 
Haunt of the Past.’’] 
