BB 
Fifteen new species were described, as was also a new genus of Chalcosiidae 
from New Guinea. — P.L.Sclater, Secretary. 
4. Linnean Society of London. 
21 December 1882. — Prof. T. S. Cobbold exhibited specimens of 
Ligula abdominalis from the Bream, of L. leucisci from the Minnow, and of 
L. monogramma from the Grebe to compare with the L. Mansoni from man, 
in illustration of his paper, infra. The L. abdominalis is the same worm 
which is called Z. edulis by Briganti, and is eaten under the name of »Maca- 
roni piattic. — Dr. Francis Day read a paper »Observations on the marine 
Fauna of the East Coast of Scotland.« This contribution was the result of 
accompanying H.M.S. »Triton« sent to survey certain parts of the coast of 
Aberdeenshire, Kincardine and Forfar in July 1882. He remarks that the 
migrations of the Herring have given rise to many speculations, but still re- 
quire elucidation. The two main objects of migration would appear to be 
for the purpose of seeking some locality where spawn may be safely deposi- 
ted and the species continued, or else their endeavour to search for food to 
maintain their existence. But occasionally it would seem the fish migrate 
from ground where incessant netting and capture render them uneasy or 
frightened. If going more seaward it is not unlikely their progeny would 
locate themselves where reared; but again the new location might be found 
unsuited and the shoal return to their first habitat. Dr. Day mentions facts 
connected with the Wick, Moray Firth and Aberdeenshire fisheries showing 
that at Wick a large race arrives about the beginning of the year and dissap- 
pears about March, a small sized lot again appears in May and June, while 
a larger fatter sort come in great shoals and spawn in August and September. 
As the Wick fisheries declined those of Fraserburgh increased in yield. It 
is evident that the fishing is now carried further out to sea, forty or fifty 
miles being the usual limit. As to the mesh of the nets employed, opinions are 
very different. ‘The same may be said of the nature of the food of the Her- 
ring: but Dr. Day’s observations point out to this being minute entomostraca, 
various ova and small fishes. — Whatever may be said by the fisher folks 
of decrease in certain localities, the records of the fishery returns denote a 
steady annual increase in the capture of the Herring from the commence- 
ment of this century until the present time. Dr. Day recounts the results 
of his various dredgings and particularly describes the Crustaceans and the 
Molluscans all of more or less well known forms. The nature of the ground 
traversed and the bottom temperatures duly recorded. — A Report on the 
Echinodermata collected by Dr. Day formed a separate communication by 
Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell. Spatangus purpureus, Asterias violacea and Echinus 
elegans were abundantly represented, of the last mentioned there were a very 
large number of small sized, though not one large specimen. Entangled in 
the spines of many of them were small egg cases with unfertilized ova within. 
The Ophiurids were only six in number and but a single Holothurian not in 
a condition for determination. There were 18 different species of Echino- 
derms taken in all. — Further notes on the Zoophytes and Sponges obtained 
in the »Triton’s« cruise were embodied in a paper by S.O. Ridley, F.L.S. 
These groups though relatively few in numbers of species, on the other hand 
were rich in individual specimens. The Sponge, Amphilectus (Isodictya) 
