29. THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 
reached this stage, the ants are able to bring up the sexes (males may 
also be produced under certain circumstances from parthenogenetic 
eges); and judging from my experiments I do not believe that the 
queen lays eggs which must become females, but that the workers 
bring this about by extra feeding of their larve. 
Myrmica laevinodis Nyl., var. ruginodo-laevinodis Forel.—On July 
13th a colony of this variety was found in the churchyard at Broad- 
water. The % 8 were hunting about on the stone path, and the nest 
was situated in the grassabove it; the wood-louse Platyarthrus hoff- 
manseggi being present in the nest. On a subsequent visit (July 21st) 
a single g was taken from this colony, which proves to be a gynan- 
dromorphous specimen. It is a mixed gynandromorph, nearly entirely 
normal g in appearance. The left antenna, however, is only 12- 
jointed and @ in shape; the right being 13-jointed and normal ¢. 
The gaster of 5 visible segments (¢ ) is somewhat twisted, and the Ist 
seoment on the right side is rounder than on the left; the genitalia 
being scarcely visible even when viewed from beneath. This makes 
the 86th gynandromorphous ant yet recorded, the 10th British speci- 
men, the 10th Myrmica, and the 9th specimen described by me. 
A marriage flight of this variety was observed at Richmond Park 
at 1.30 p.m. on August 21st. One couple was joined together on the 
ground, and many g g andafew ¢ ? were running about and rising 
into the air. 
The var. ruginodo-laevinodis also occurs at Putney, as I have 
captured ¥ % on a fence in a road near my house. 
Leptothorax nylanderi Férst.—I have had a colony of this species 
in my possession since 1912 [see Brit. Ants., 159-60 (1915); Hint. Ree., 
28, 2 (1916)], and as stated above winged females were developed in it 
this year. March 18th, ¢ and 9° pupe present; May 24th, first 9 
appeared ; June Ist, 8 winged 9 9 and7 gf gf ; June 6th, 14 winged 
2? and 28 ¢ g ; June 9th, as a few of the 9 2 were starting to 
shed their wings, I marked the old queen by clipping off a bit of the 
right intermediate tarsus; June 17th, over 30 winged 9 @ and over 
50 g S present; June 21st, the winged sexes were evidently desirous 
of taking their marriage flight, hurrying about all over the nest, and 
on the glass roof, and trying to fly as well as they could in the con- 
fined space. The 8 ¥% were also very excited and running about in 
every direction; only the old queen remained quietly resting on the 
larvee and pupe. The g g were not seen to pay any attention to the 
females, and copulation was not noticed. Similar attempts at a 
marriage flight were observed on June 28th, July 2nd, 10th, 12th, and 
14th. June 28rd winged @ ¢ were seen to help carry about the larvee. 
June 27th, a gynandromorphous pupa was noticed (all the other sex 
pup having hatched), the head and thorax appeared to be chiefly 9 
and the gaster g. The ¥ % took considerable interest in it, 
two or three generally sitting round it and tapping it with their 
antenne. By July 10th it was unfortunately dead, and the % $ had 
bitten holes in it. July 29th, only a few ¢ g’and winged 92 ¢ siill 
present. August 19th, all the g g dead, and the females had removed 
their wings. December 31st, very many larve (medium and small) 
present on the floor of the second dark damp chamber, and hung on 
the walls by their anchor-tipped hairs. There are also great numbers of 
