102 THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 
the wings are without spots, that it has two broad bare lines in the 
front of the thorax, and golden coloured hairs on the abdomen. 
“4. plumbeus (nigripes) is smaller than A. bifurcatus, the wings are 
unspotted but darker in colour. The thorax has grey markings on it 
and the palpi are bandea. 
‘«« The adults of all three species are active during the warmer months 
of the year, from May to October, during which time both males and 
females are present, but the females of A. maculipennis hibernate, and 
are found in suitable hiding places, such as cowsheds, stables, cellars, 
ete., throughout the winter. 
“The larve of Anophelines may be distinguished from Culicines by 
the fact that when they come up to the surface of the water to breathe 
they lie parallel to the surface film, whereas the C'ulicine larvee hang 
head downwards, supported in the surface film by the tip of a prolonga- 
tion of the hinder end of the body. 
‘“‘Tt is not so easy to distinguish between thepupe of Anopheline and 
Culicine mosquitoes as between the larvee and adults, and it is preferable 
to keep the pupze and allow the perfect insects to emerge and then 
determine their identity. 
« Arrangements, in which the British Museum (Natural History) are 
co-operating, have been made for identification in cases of doubt.” 
Quoting from ‘ Mosquitoes and their Relation to Disease,” issued 
by the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), we read, “ The Anopheles mos- 
quito can be distinguished from the others by several characteristics :-— 
‘1, The position of rest: the whole body extends in a straight ae 
at an angle with the surface on which the mosquito is resting ; 
other mosquitoes the body-line is bent, owing to the more ee or 
humped shape of the thorax. 
“9. In the great majority of the Anopheles the wings are spotted, 
whereas in the great majority of the others they are not. 
“3. In the female Anopheles the palpi are as long as the proboscis, 
while in most of the other genera they are much shorter. 
“4, When viewed under a microscope most mosquitoes are seen to 
have the abdomen covered with seales like those on a pu wings, 
but in nearly all Anopheles these scales are absent. 
“5. The larve of Anopheles when at rest lie parental with and 
touching the surface of the water, being held to the surface-film by a 
number of remarkable rosette-shaped tufts; the breathing organ is 
small. Other mosquitoes have larve which hang head downwards in 
the water when at rest, and have no rosettes, but on the other hand 
have the breathing organ developed in a tube.” 
Attention should not be too exclusively directed to the larger and 
more obvious ponds or streams; the grass-grown ditches, swamps, and 
shallow impermanent breeding places are generally free from many of 
the mosquitoes’ enemies, which can only live and breed in the deeper 
pools and permanent collections of water. It is vital, therefore, that 
