124 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
exces, or par défaut, at the extreme latitudes of their distribution.’ ” 
(Donisthorpe.) [Hnt. Rec., 14, 99-100 (1902).] 
My name must sink, as Haworth had already described a form of 
C. ee in 1812 as confluens. 
oS aR . the var. confluens Donis., occurred in numbers on the 
sandhills, in a similar place to that in which the Rev. Canon Cruttwell 
took it in Galway—with us it was accompanied by the type. It is 
evidently a regular Irish and Northern form, having been found in 
Iceland, and then, as with Canon Cruttwell, not accompanied by the 
type. The larvee were feeding on Aphis on Lotus corniculatus.” (Donis- 
thorpe) Coleoptera in Kerry. [Irish Nat., 12, 62-68 (1908).] 
What I referred to as the type is of course an aberration of this 
subspecies with 11 spots, it was, moreover, very scarce. In the same 
way, among Chitty’s series of this subspecies from Morayshire (now at 
Oxford), are specimens of an aberration with spots 2 and 8 confluent, 
as in the ab. confluens Haw., in the type species. 
“O. 11-punctata L., var. confluens Donis. (Ent. Rec., 1902, p. 99). 
This form has the lower pairs of spots on each elytron confluent, it is 
also brightly coloured.” The localities are then given and we state— 
‘This seems to be the var. brevifasciata Weise, but as that appears to 
include three different forms, it is perhaps as well to retain Mr. Donis- 
thorpe’s name, which is recognised in the last European Catalogue.” 
(The italics are mine.) A very good coloured illustration of this variety 
is given on Plate xii., fig. 8. (Fowlér and Donisthorpe.) [Col. Brit. 
Isles, Supplement, 6, 105. 6 (19138).] 
“Finally, there remain a few cases which I think we might attribute 
to the specializing effect of insularity—a factor which possibly explains 
some of the peculiar forms noted from Lundy and Scilly Islands—for 
it is obvious that the more circumscribed the area the less chance would 
there be of any particular variation, arising how it might, from becom- 
ing obliterated by free crossing with normal forms. Suchis . ; 
the var. confluens Donis., the only form of Coccinella 11-punctata seen 
intheisland, . . . .” (W.4H. Sharp.) On Coleoptera taken by 
Donisthorpe on Tiree. [Hnt. Rec., 25, 20, 22 (1918).] 
This subspecies was abundant in restricted areas, on sand-hills 
amongst Lotus, on the Isle of Tiree; no aberrations being seen nor 
taken with it. 
“In Coleopt. Brit. Isl., vi., p. 106, the name of C. 11-punctata var. 
confluens Donisth., is retained on the ground that it is recognised in 
the last European Catalogue; but there are at least three reasons why 
the name in question is untenable: (a) the name con/luens is pre- 
occupied for a variety of the same species by Haworth, 1812; (b) the 
the insect has a prior name, ¢.g., brevifasciata Weise; (c) the publica- 
tion of the name was unaccompanied by a description of the insect.” 
(Edwards.) [Hnt. Mo. Magq., 50, 148 (1914).] 
Mr. Edwards’ statement as to the reason why the name con/luens is 
retained in the Supplement (Fowler, vol. vi.) is incorrect, as will be 
seen above. As to his reasons why he considers the name untenable— 
(a) is correct, except that Haworth’s insect is an aberration and not a 
variety ; (b) is not the case in my opinion, as Weise’s name, as I have 
tried to show, refers to an aberration of the type form; (c) is not the 
case, as § confluens Donis., is sufficiently described to validate the name, 
had it not been invalid as a homonym of confluens Haw. 
