ABERRATIONS OF COCCINELLA. 125 
I submitted the above evidence to my friend Dr. T. A. Chapman, 
and he writes—“ The facts re C. 11-punctata seem from the history 
you give to be very clear and distinct. There is the type form 
1.—11-punctata. 
2.—A subspecies, northern and littoral, which wants a name 
(confluens being preoccupied) implying Northern or 
littoral, or, if possible, both, would be appropriate. 
“ 1.—C.11-punctata type has certain abs. 
Ja, confluens Haw. 
1b, tamaricis Weise. 
lc, brevifasciata Weise; etc. Y 
“«2.—C. confluens Donis., 1s a distinct race, not an ab., is very like 
brevifasciata, but differs by having a much higher ground colour. But 
if it were absolutely identical in facies, it would not alter the fact that it 
is a race, the other only an ab. 
“2.—O, (conjfluens Donis.), has an ab. parallel to 11-punctata type, 
but with brighter colouring, and probably has abs. parallel to confluens 
Haw., and tamaricis Weise, etc. 
‘“‘Tt may be doubtful if these abs. are entitled to the same names as 
the similar abs. of the type, especially if they have the ground colour 
of the subspecies. 
“Staudinger uses the formula var. et ab., i.e., giving the same name 
to a race that had been given to an ab. This cannot be sound, what- 
ever any authorities may say. 
“T assert that a ‘race’ differs from the typical race if it is geographi- 
cally distinguishable, but as regards forms represented, need not differ 
more than by having the several forms in different proportions to those 
that are present in the type, 7.e., all forms in the one may be present 
in the other, but in different numbers.” 
Coccinella 11-punctata L., ab. vicina Weise, 1.c. 110 (1879). 
[The Huropean Cat. gives page 23 in error. | ; 
‘ec. P. 3, 4, 5,35; 4 und 5 oft leicht verbunden, v. vicina.”’ 
Coccinella 11-punotata L., ab. variegata Weise, l.c. 
SC Gl, IP By By Shee 0 0 oo Wo WMMMagaia,”” 
Coccinella 11-punctata L., ab. litoralis Weise, l.c. 
‘fee. P.2,4,5,% . . . . Vz. litoralis.”’ 
Coccinella 11-punctata L., ab. 9-punctata L., l.c. 365. 
‘‘9-punctata. 9. C. coleoptris rubris: punctis nigris novem. 
Uddm. diff. 14. Coccinella nigra, elytris rubris, punctis novem nigris. 
Habitat in Huropae Juniperetis.”’ 
I swept up a specimen of this aberration in company with the ab. 
confluens Haw., and the type, at Sandown, I. of W., August 12th, 
1913; Oxshott, iv. 16; Mickleham, ix. 16 (Ashdown). 
Coccinella 14-punctata L., ab. westmani n. ab. [= Cocci- 
nella oculata (Westman). Thunberg Dissertationes Academicae 
Upsaliae, 3, 117 (1801), Tab. vii., Fig. 18 (described in Dissertatio 
de Insectis Suecicis) ; nee Coccinella oculata Thunberg Diss. Nov. Ins. 
Spec., 14-15 (1781) ‘‘ Hab. in Capite bonae spei;’’ nec. Coccinella ocu- 
