MOSQUITOES AND MALARIA. 151 
the slaty-blue Glyphanus from the rocks, but he is not yet able to 
throw any light on the lemon-yellow and bright blue thigh-linings, 
brick-red occiput and ultramarine neck-membrane, which are not 
visible when the creature is in a normal attitude. On June 30th, 
Major Burstal, R.A.M.C., showed me specimens recently collected by 
by him at Karaburun; these included practically all species mentioned 
hitherto, with the addition of several fine Saga vittata, F. de W., 
and another splendid species without the white stripes of S. 
vittata, and very decidedly larger; this veritable tiger of 
the Orthoptera-world is very likely S. ephippigera, so far re- 
corded, to the best of my memory, only from Constantinople 
and Castellastua in Dalmatia, where, in 1901, I went in the hope of 
finding it, but without success. In the mess tent, after dinner, the 
characteristic short, sharp buzz, ending abruptly on a higher note, 
attracted my attention to a fine fresh male Acrometopa macropoda, Ser. 
The next evening I saw the first adult Caloptenus italicus, L., and in 
my hut found an adult male Olynthoscelis chabriert (?) which had 
strayed in from goodness knows where. 
(To be continued.) 
Mosquitoes and Malaria. 2. 
(The following further notes have been received). 
(a) Anopheles maculipennis, the malaria-carrying gnat, does not, as a 
rule, if ever, pass the winter in the larval stage, and, so far as is 
known, does not, in the strict sense of the word, hibernate as an adult. 
The females prefer, even if it is not their invariable custom, to winter 
in occupied cowsheds, stables, etc., which promise continued food, 
warmth, and humidity (owing to the presence of animals) throughout 
inclement seasons. 
(b) Anopheles bifurcatus, however, so far as is known, hibernates in 
the larval stage. 
(c) These habits of the insects make it easy to attack them. They 
can be driven out in hundreds, and each one driven out will probably 
die before it can find shelter again. 
Hunts organised for this purpose will be found to yield productive 
results. 
(d@) During summer, when the larvye appear in ditches, swamps, 
ponds, pools, streams, etc., they may be considerably diminished by 
clearing such ditches, etc., of weeds and leaving them open to attack. 
(e) If the reasons for the investigation and extermination of Ano- 
pheles, and the benefit accruing through success, were explained to 
farmers and other agriculturists, gardeners and land-workers, observers 
would, in all-probability be assisted in their work, and interest, even 
enthusiasm, in many cases, might be aroused. 
(f) While no need for immediate alarm exists, precautions must 
be taken at once against the possible spread of malaria in this country 
by Anopheles mosquitoes consequent upon the return of so many 
soldiers who have contracted the disease abroad. 
(g) Information is also wanted as to the life-history of larve in 
all stuges of their existence. All who can give such information are 
very earnestly invited to do so. 
To enable beginners to share in the investigation, it is proposed to 
