178 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
downs, on the other a narrow belt of comfortable farms ascending up 
to the high plateau of the moor proper. The little village of Manaton, 
a very favourite spot of mine, is about four or five miles to the north- 
east, whilst Lustleigh, famed for its weir and deep gorge, is also not 
far distant in a more westerly direction, being nearly due west of 
Manaton ; all the country is rich in waters and streams in all 
directions. 
My entomological aims were to obtain certain common insects 
with the object of verifying some of Dr. Verity’s conclusions that 
appeared in this magazine in the year 1916. Among them being 
Pieris napi, Melanargia galathea, Satyrus semele, Pararge aegeria var. 
egerides, and others. P. napi, I think, will require a short paper to 
itself and I have not yet sufficient material from different parts of this 
country to enable me to verify my previous opinion or to negative it 
as the case may be. 
Satyrus semele, Li. was very common on the heath within a quarter 
of an hour’s walk of our rooms and I took close on a hundred speci- 
mens in good condition. I had already specimens I had taken in 
Cornwall, other parts of Devon, and in Wales. I have also a fair 
series from Kent and Sussex, from Ireland and Scotland, so that one 
can form a fair idea of the relation of the British race to the Contin- 
ental forms. 
When Linné catalogued this species in the 1st Hd. Fauna 
Suecica, p. 238, No. 784, he gave four general references, viz., 
Hoffn. Ins., 2, t. 8, Pet. Mus., p. 34, No. 307, with a brief diag- 
nosis, Pet. Gaz., p. 22, t. 14, f. 9, and Raj. Ins., 128, No. 6, with 
a less brief diagnosis, and he himself describes it above thus “ wings 
above brown with obsolete yellow fasciae.” From all this I conclude 
that we should consider the ordinary mid-EHuropean race to be the 
form that Linné had in his mind’s eye when he described it. The 
obsoletion of the yellow fasciae, particularly in the primaries of the 
males, occurs throughout its distribution, except in the races aristaeus 
and algirica, and even in aristaeus there is a certain amount of obso- 
letion in many Italian specimens. The darkest race of all is that 
described and figured by me in 1891 (Trans. Ent. Soc., p. 202, pl. 12, 
f. 2) from Madeira and called maderensis—there is no trace of a fascia 
in the primaries of the male and only the most obscure trace in the 
secondaries. I have a moderate series from Madeira and all carry 
this character. 
Turning now to Dr. Verity's remarks ante Vol. 28, p. 166, his 
opening words are, ‘‘The Linnean race is a small one,” ete. It is 
evident from this that he considers the Scandinavian race as the one 
Linné diagnosed in his Fauna Suecica, but in that work he refers to 
four well-known books of that time, in two of which the species is 
figured and in two of which diagnoses are given, which diagnoses he 
transcribes. In his (Linné’s) collection there is (fide Dr. Verity) only 
one Linnean specimen, by which I think he means Scandinavian 
specimen, because there are others as well, and under the circumstances 
I have related it is perfectly evident that Linné’s semele is a composite 
race, whose main habitat may be called mid-Hurope. Typical semele 
therefore cannot be limited to the smaller more northern form. Dr. 
Verity is certainly correct in saying that the British race belongs to 
this rather smaller race wherein the fulvous spaces are inconspicuous ; 
