39 
of the pigments contained in the cuticle and epidermic cells. An im- 
portant influence of the epidermic pigment upon the spot-colour is to be 
observed by the fact that the bright spots of the pernyan larvae which 
shine in a golden or copper-like lustre, are gradually turned into silvery 
white when the body is after death converted into dark colour by put- 
refaction setting in. 
The results of experimental studies on the bright spots are 
not without interest. I would be permitted here to mention a case of 
regeneration. A pernyan larva in the fourth stage of growth, of which I 
made use in experiments, had two dorsal pairs of spots found respec- 
tively on the fourth and fifth body-segments and two lateral pairs on the 
fifth and sixth segments. I bored with a needle the anterior of the left 
lateral spots to break the cuticle lining it, and then dropped collodium on 
the injured spot in order to prevent blood flowing out. Within a few 
days, the larva passed into the moult. After the ecdysis gone over; I 
found that while all other spots were found in normal conditions and 
markedly added in their dimension, the new cuticle of the spot operated 
lost its characteristic lustre at most parts of spot area. This individual 
was killed, and the operated spot was divided into serial sections. Micro- 
scopical examinations of the sections show that the outer surface of the 
cuticle is provided with numerous irregular, considerably large processes, 
— a fact which has never been seen in the cuticle of the normal spots. 
The regular arrangement of the fine striations which are characteristic 
to the cuticle of spot becomes much disturbed, and the sharp boundary 
between the spot and its surrounding area is obliterated in its greater 
extent. By this experiment it is evident that a bright spot undergoes, 
when injured, some histological alterations and is no longer regenerated 
into its previous feature. The regeneration-experiments are as it seems 
not uninteresting; I prepare to make further experiments. 
In conclusion I express my deepest thanks to Prof. S. Hatta for 
his kindness in looking through the manuscripts and in giving numerous 
valuable advices. 
Literature. 
‘Baer, M., Uber Bau und Farben der Flügelschuppen bei Tagfaltern. Zeitschr. f. wiss. 
Zool. Bd. LXV. 1899. p. 50—64. 
Biedermann, W., Die Schillerfarben bei Insekten und Vôgeln. Jenaische Denk- 
schriften. XI. Festschrift Ernst Haeckel. p. 217—300. 
Folsom,J. W., Entomology with Special Reference to its Biological and Economic 
Aspect. 1906. p. 193—215. 
Grobben, K., Die Bindesubstanzen von Argulus, ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der 
Bindesubstanz der Arthropoden. Verhandl. VIII. Internat. Zool.-Kongr. 
Graz. 1912. p. 512—516. 
Hagen, Hermann A., On the colour and pattern of insect. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 
and Sc. 1882. p. 234—267. Extracts in Packard’s Text-Book of Ento- 
mology. 1903. 
