APPENDIX I 



FREE-AIR DATA IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, JULY AND 

 AUGUST, 1913 1 



By the Aerial Section, U. S. Weather Bureau — Wm. R. Blair in Charge 



[Dated, Mount Weather, Va., May 26, 1914] 

 The Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution, and the 

 Mount Weather Observatory of the Weather Bureau co-operating during July 

 and August, 1913, made observations in southern California: (a) Of solar 

 radiation at high levels, by means of a photographically recording pyrhe- 

 liometer, carried by free balloons; (&) of the total moisture content of the 

 air above Mount Wilson, by means of the spectroscope; (c) of nocturnal radia- 

 tion, by means of the K. Angstrom compensation apparatus; (d) of the 

 meteorological elements, air pressure, temperature, humidity, and movement, 

 at different altitudes by means of meteorographs, carried by free balloons at 

 Avalon, and by captive balloons at Lone Pine and at the summit of Mount 

 Whitney. The pyrheliometric observations have already been discussed by 

 C. G. Abbot in Science, March 6, 1914. It is the purpose of this present paper 

 to communicate more particularly the meteorological observations. 



A. The Free Balloon Observations 

 Morning and evening ascensions were made on July 23 and 24, 1913, and 

 thereafter daily ascensions until August 12, 1913 — 23 ascensions in all. When 

 a pyrheliometer was taken up, in addition to the meteorograph, the ascension 

 for the day was so timed that the highest point would be reached about noon. 

 On other days the ascensions were made shortly after sunrise or just before 

 sunset. Table 1 shows the number of balloons recovered, their landing 

 points, and other information of general interest. 



Table i. — Statistics of sounding balloon flights from Avalon, Cal., during 

 July and August, 1913 



Date 



1913 



July 23 

 24 

 26 

 27 

 28 

 29 

 30 



A 3I 



Aug. 1 

 2 



3 

 5 

 7 



Hour 



Balloons 



Ascen- 

 sional 

 force 



Kg. 



0.8 



1.6 

 1.4 

 1.3 



0.9 

 0.8 

 0.8 

 0.9 

 0.9 



Landing point 



Hori- 

 zontal 

 dis- 

 tance 

 trav- 

 eled 



Huntington Beach, Cal.. 



Armada, Cal 



San Diego, Cal 



Oceanside, Cal 



Chino, Cal 



Los Angeles, Cal 



Atmore's Ranch, Cal 



Los Pasos Hills, Cal 



New Hall, Cal 



Inglewood, Cal 



Downey, Cal 



Fullerton, Cal 



Colton, Cal 



Baldwin Park, Cal 



Pacific Ocean 



42 

 122 



131 

 91 

 97 



75 

 120 



97 

 4 



Direc- 

 tion 

 trav- 

 eled 



NE. 

 ENE. 

 ESE. 

 E. 



NE. 



N. 



NNW. 



NNW. 



N. 



N. 



N. 



NNE. 



NE. 



NNE. 



NW. 



High- 

 est 

 alti- 

 tude 

 reach- 

 ed 



M. 

 25,160 

 20,389 



23,870 

 19.48s 

 23 , 066 

 32,643 

 22,294 

 23,466 

 21,302 

 17,428 



6,442 



14,100 



1,976 



Lowest 

 tem- 

 pera- 

 ture 



record- 

 ed 



°C. 



-56 

 —55 



-64 

 -62 

 -60 

 —53 

 -58 

 -58 

 -67 

 -67 



—25 



—43 



19 



1 Reprinted by permission from the Monthly Weather Review, July, 1914, 

 pp. 410-426. 



8 I0 7 



