NO. 6 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I9I4 19 



significance in this problem were the discoveries in northern Ten- 

 nessee, where the shale is well exposed, as shown in figure 18, that 

 ( 1 ) this black shale passes without a discernible break into the over- 

 lying Mississippian (Kinderhook) shales, and (2) that the fossils of 

 this overlying shale are of late instead of early Kinderhook age. As 

 a result of this work good collections of several well preserved 

 faunas were added to the Museum collection. 



GEOLOGY OF CERTAIN AREAS IN EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA 



Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, assistant curator of the division of mineral- 

 ogy and petrology, by arrangement with the U. S. Geological 

 Survey, spent a month during the summer of 1914 in the study of 

 the Pre-Cambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, and Triassic formations 

 of the Reading and Allentown quadrangles in eastern Pennsylvania. 

 In the former area particular attention was directed toward the 

 lithologic character and fossil content of the Conococheague and 

 Beekmantown limestones, and the mapping of these and other post- 

 Cambrian formations, which had been begun the previous season, 

 was practically completed. 



In the Allentown region brief visits were paid to several localities 

 to secure data for the text of the Allentown-Easton folio, which is in 

 course of preparation. The criteria for recognition of the various 

 Pre-Cambrian formations, especially the metamorphosed sediments, 

 were worked out in detail, and sections of the Triassic and Paleozoic 

 beds measured. 



GEOLOGICAL STUDIES IN NEW YORK STATE 

 Dr. J. C. Martin, assistant curator of geology, has spent some time 

 completing minor details in the preparation of a report on " The 

 Pre-Cambrian Rocks of the Canton, N. Y., Quadrangle," to be pub- 

 lished by the New York Geological Survey. 



The examination of this area involved the working out of structural 

 and genetic problems of a high degree of complexity, the solution 

 of which demanded methods of great accuracy and detail. 



Among the results obtained may be mentioned, particularly, the 

 determination of the close analogy between tectonic elements of 

 widely differing degrees of magnitude, and the recognition of a type 

 of major isoclinal folding with steep-dipping axes, paralleled, so 

 far as known, only by occurrences in Sweden. In addition there 

 were obtained many new data with reference to the origin and 

 relations of multiple injection gneisses of more than one generation, 



