NO. 6 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I914 59 



6, 10, 15, 20, 28, 35, 45, 55, 65 and 75 years. The utmost care was 

 exercised in ascertaining the age, particularly among the negro and 

 Indian. No choice was made of the subjects beyond that due to the 

 requirements of pedigree, age, and good health. The whites and 

 negroes were obtained, with a few exceptions, in Washington and 

 vicinity, but their places of birth range over a large part of the 

 Eastern, Southern, and Middle States ; for the Indian, we chose the 

 Sioux, a large, characteristic, and in a very large measure still pure- 

 blood tribe, and one in which the determination of the ages of the 

 subjects was feasible. Special trips were made to these people, and 

 no pains were spared to get just what was wanted ; in the case of 

 the new born, it was actually necessary to wait until they came. 



Other exhibits in room 2 show the development, by various stages, 

 of the human brain, the skull, and various other parts of the body. 

 A large series of original specimens show the animal forms most 

 closely related to man at the present time, particularly the anthropoid 

 apes; a series of charts on the walls deal with the phenomena of 

 senility; finally, ten photographic enlargements show living cen- 

 tenarians of various races. 



Human variation is shown in room 3 by ten sets of large busts 

 representing ten of the more important races of man ; by 200 original 

 transparencies giving racial portraits ; by over 100 bronzed facial 

 casts, showing individual variations within some of the more impor- 

 tant branches of humanity ; and by numerous charts and other 

 exhibits. 



In room 4, a series of charts and maps relates to the death rate in 

 various countries ; to the principal causes of death in the different 

 parts of the world, and to the distribution of the more common 

 diseases over the earth. Actual pathology is illustrated extensively 

 by pre-historic American material. Many hundreds of original 

 specimens, derived principally from the pre-Columbian cemeteries 

 of Peru, show an extensive range of injuries and diseases, such as 

 have left their marks on the bones. In many instances the injuries 

 are very interesting, both from their extent and the extraordinary 

 powers of recuperation shown in the healing; while among the 

 diseases shown on the bones there are some that find no or but little 

 parallel among the white man or even the Indian of to-day. In 

 addition, this room contains a series of 60 skulls with pre-Columbian 

 operations (trepanation) . 



The exhibits as a whole are supplemented by a descriptive cata- 

 logue and other literature, and by frequent lectures and demonstra- 



