NO. 6 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I9I4 89 



The Kalapuya family embraces a number of tribes, the most 

 important of which are given here as follows: (i) Atfalati, living 

 formerly on the banks of the Tualatin River ; (2) Yamhill, claiming 

 as their possessions the banks of the river bearing their name : (3) 

 Lakmayuk, who derived their name from the River Luckiamute ; 

 (4) Marys River (Calapooia Proper), whose settlements were 

 situated along the banks of the Calapooia and Marys rivers; (5) 

 Yonkalla, the most southerly Kalapuya tribe ; (6) Ahantsayuk, also 

 called Pudding River Indians; and (7) Santiam, who formerly 

 lived on the banks of the Santiam River. 



These several tribes spoke varieties of the Kalapuya language that 

 show remarkable lexicographic diversity. Morphological differentia- 

 tion exists also, but it is chiefly of a phonetic nature. All differences 

 between the various Kalapuya dialects seem to have been caused by 

 a geographic distribution, resulting in three subdivisions, within 

 which idiomatic differentiation is very slight. Thus, the Yamhill and 

 Atfalati dialects form one subdivision ; Ahantsayuk, Santiam, Marys 

 River, and Lakmayuk form the second, while Yonkalla belongs to a 

 group of its own. 



The Kalapuya language, while showing great phonetic variations 

 (such as the occurrence of a labial spirant / and the presence of the 

 trilled r), is structurally closely related to the languages of the 

 neighboring tribes, such as the Coos, Siuslaw, Yakonan, Salish, and 

 Athapascan. It belongs to the same type ; that is to say, similar 

 psychologic concepts are expressed by means of identical grammatical 

 processes. The language belongs to the suffixing type. Its mythol- 

 ogy differs in no way from the mythologies of the other tribes of 

 western Oregon, being characterized by the absence of a distinct 

 creation myth and by the preponderance of animal tales belonging 

 chiefly to the Coyote cycle. An interesting phase of Kalapuya 

 mythology is the presence of elements of European folk-lore, espe- 

 cially the absorption of French fairy tales that deal with the exploits 

 of the orphan Petit Jean. This feature will be made the subject of 

 a separate paper, which will probably appear in the near future. 



The long and continued contact of the Kalapuya Indians with 

 white settlers has resulted in a complete breaking down of their 

 native culture and mode of living. Consequently, the ethnological 

 data that could be obtained by Dr. Frachtenberg were very meager 

 and, in most cases, were given as information obtained through 

 hearsay. 



