NO. II STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM PARSON 35 



either half can tautomerize. The constitution given to H 2 2 , for 

 example, is only one phase in the oscillations of a very mobile 



molecule. The half-polar tautomer H-f04-0 — H might easily 



pass over into (CH=CX . This would be exactly analogous 



^ ^/H r ^ H 



to the change H-fO-r-N. ^(04=N^— tl f or hydroxylamine : 



v^y \ H k^ \ H 



and while there is no definite evidence that this takes place in 

 the simple substance, it is known that the attempt to get an amine 



oxide like (Oj= N;— H always yields the ^-hydroxylamine 



W X CH 5 



H -\Oj- N«. (unless the amine is tertiary). 



X QH 5 



With regard to the " double " negative bond in the 2 molecule, 



the unsaturated tautomer, which most likely predominates, (07=6 



(§9), would account for that adding on of whole molecules which 

 seems to be the first stage of oxidation by gaseous oxygen (cf. 

 " autoxidation " phenomena). 



Ozone, which is formed by the union of an O s molecule with a 



nascent O atom, may then, in different phases, be OVX^ (like 

 S^^-^ : see §11), or 0^>K. with the negative bond oscillating 



To) X2J 



around the ring. 



§11. Residual Forces, Magnetic and Electric 



In discussing the actions between atoms in the foregoing pages, 

 we have considered only the primary, or valence, effects of the 

 magnetons, and have left out of account the residual magnetic forces 

 that must be exerted to a greater or less extent by all combinations 

 of magnetons. Now, as a rule, these forces would be negligible in 

 determining the number of atoms in molecules such as are stable in 



