NO. II STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM PARSON 57 



1. The simple magnetic attraction between two magnetons (§5) . 



2. The tendency to form the group of eight (§6). 



3. The residual magnetic forces exerted by all combinations of 

 magnetons: their attracting and inducing actions (§11). 



4. The electric polarization set up by the extraction of a magneton 

 from one atom by another atom : its attracting and inducing actions 



(§n). 



5. The effect upon the nature of a linkage of the electrostatic 

 retaining power of an atom for magnetons (not yet discussed) . 



6. The pressure and volume changes that are possible in the posi- 

 tive sphere, and more particularly in the envelope, of the atom 



(§§I4,I5)- 



In quantity and variety this working material far surpasses that 

 which is afforded by any purely electrostatic theory of the atom (and 

 strictly speaking, no theory is purely electrostatic: see §15). 



This work was done largely in England, but has been amplified 

 and completed at Harvard -University and at the University of 

 California. 



Note. — Besides his work on radiation, which is not confined "to the 

 paper mentioned in §1, Dr. Webster has made an important addition to 

 this theory in suggesting that a minute nucleus could be added to the 

 model atom here described, without much affecting the behavior of its 

 other parts if the nucleus were neutral or nearly so. This, which I 

 have only mentioned casually in §8, will be discussed in connection 

 with a-particle scattering and other matters in a forthcoming paper 

 by him. 



PART V. MAGNETISM 

 §17. The Radius and Moment of the Magneton 



From the results of the last section it is possible to calculate 

 approximately the radius of the magneton, starting from the assump- 

 tion originally made that it is about half that of the positive sphere 

 of the Hydrogen atom. Since that assumption was made, however, 

 we have seen that the radius of the Hydrogen atom's positive sphere 

 is a less significant quantity than that of the positive sphere of a large 

 atom, because Hydrogen is exceptional in having no internal magnetic 

 compression and therefore has an abnormally large positive sphere. 



Since the volume (V) of the positive sphere of a large atom is 

 nearly proportional to its magneton number (N), the radius of the 

 magneton which has been used to construct atoms in the preceding 



section will be about I X i 3— at- Now values for V, though not 



2 \ -§-7rA/ 



experimentally accessible for most atoms, are given by the ordinary 



