NO. 14 SENSE ORGANS ON MOUTH-PARTS OF BEE — -McINDOO 3 



To obtain material for the study of the disposition of the sense 

 organs on the mouth-parts, adult specimens were used. In regard to 

 preparing the specimens with caustic potash and to bleaching them 

 with chlorine gas, the reader is referred to the writer's work on 

 Hymenoptera (1914b, p. 295). 



To obtain material for the study of the internal anatomy of the 

 sense organs herein discussed, worker pupa? 17 to 21 days old 

 (counting from the time the eggs were laid) were mostly used, but a 

 few adult worker bees were also employed. In regard to fixing this 

 material in Carnoy's fluid and to embedding it in celloidin and par- 

 affin, the reader is referred to the writer's paper on Coleoptera ( 191 5, 

 p. 409). The sections were cut from five to ten microns in thickness, 

 and were stained with iron hematoxylin and eosin, safranin and gen- 

 tian violet, and with Ehrlich's hematoxylin and eosin. 



All the drawings were made by the writer and all are original 

 except the internal anatomy of the mentum (Mt) in figure 10, 

 which was copied from Snodgrass (1910). They were made at the 

 base of the microscope with the aid of a camera lucida. 



EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE WHETHER BEES HAVE LIKES 

 AND DISLIKES IN REGARD TO FOODS 



The writer (1914a) made a thorough study of the morphology and 

 physiology of the olfactory pores found on the wings, legs, and sting 

 of the honey bee. At that time the same organs were seen on the 

 mouth-parts, but they were left for future study. Since the olfactory 

 pores are so widely distributed, it is impossible to prevent all of them 

 from functioning either by eliminating them by operations or by 

 covering them with a substance, because the more an insect is 

 mutilated, the more abnormal its behavior becomes. This is particu- 

 larly true when the mouth-parts are mutilated. When the appendages 

 are covered with liquid glue, vaseline, etc., bees do not eat until the 

 substance is removed. When certain mouth-appendages are removed, 

 bees are not entirely normal and their eating is more or less affected. 



Since it is impossible to eliminate the olfactory sense while deter- 

 mining whether bees have a true gustatory sense, and as the various 

 sense organs on the mouth-parts cannot be mutilated without caus- 

 ing considerable abnormality in the behavior of the bees while eating, 

 it was decided to ascertain if bees have likes and dislikes in regard to 

 foods and to make a careful study of the morphology of all the sense 

 organs on the mouth-appendages in order to be able to judge whether 

 or not bees have a true sense of taste. 



